Template:On this day - September 11

Martín Martínez

• 1541 – In the Captaincy General of Chile, forces of the cacique Michimalonco attack and destroy the recently founded city of Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura, known today as Santiago de Chile.
• 1541 – Guatemala City is completely destroyed by an earthquake.
• 1541 – Death of Beatriz de la Cueva, widow of the conquistador Pedro de Alvarado and Governor of the Captaincy General of Guatemala (which comprised the present-day territories of Guatemala, Belize, Chiapas, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica), when the chapel where she was praying collapses as a result of an earthquake (b. 1490).
• 1552 – The city of Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura, known today as Santiago de Chile, is completely destroyed by an earthquake.
• 1565 – With the arrival of the Great Relief, the Siege of Malta ends with the flight of the Turkish fleet that for almost four months had besieged the island in vain.
• 1640 – In the Port of Havana, a hurricane destroys the 36-ship fleet of the Dutch corsair Pata de Palo (Cornelius Jol).
• 1684 – Birth of Martín Martínez, Spanish physician and philosopher (d. 1734).
• 1714 – During the War of the Spanish Succession, the fall of Barcelona to the Bourbon troops takes place.
• 1766 – In Spain, Charles III of Spain admits American aborigines into religious communities and accepts them for civil offices.
• 1808 – Death of José Celestino Mutis, Spanish astronomer, mathematician and botanist (b. 1732).
• 1829 – At the Battle of Tampico (1829), General Antonio López de Santa Anna defeats the Spanish army which, under Brigadier Isidro Barradas, planned to reconquer Mexico.
• 1852 – In Buenos Aires, a revolution separates the State of Buenos Aires from the Argentine Confederation until 1862.
• 1875 – In Mexico, the Mexican Academy of Language is established.
• 1876 – Death of Concepción de Estevarena, Spanish poet (b. 1854).
• 1888 – Death of Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, politician, writer, teacher, journalist, military officer, statesman and President of the Argentine Nation (b. 1811).
• 1913 – Birth of Jacinto Convit, Venezuelan physician and scientist.
• 1919 – United States Marines invade Honduras.
• 1973 – In Chile, a large part of the Armed Forces and the Carabineros carry out a coup d'état, beginning the military dictatorship that would last seventeen years.
• 1973 – Salvador Allende, President of Chile, dies by presumed suicide after the coup against his government (b. 1908).
• 1980 – In Chile, the new constitution, which confirms Augusto Pinochet as President of Chile, is approved in a referendum.
• 1991 – The Soviet Union decides to withdraw its troops from Cuba, estimated at 11,000 men.
• 2001 – The Assembly of the OAS approves the Inter-American Democratic Charter.
• 2008 – In Porvenir (Pando Department, Bolivia), the Porvenir massacre takes place, with 18 peasants killed and 30 missing.