Template:On this day - September 12

María de Zayas

• 1213 – Simon de Montfort defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Battle of Muret, the decisive clash of the so-called Albigensian Crusade against the Cathars in Occitania (present-day France).
• 1297 – In the Province of Zamora, the Treaty of Alcañices is signed, by which the towns of Aracena and Aroche (Huelva), held by Portugal, pass definitively to the Crown of Castile.
• 1502 – The ships of Christopher Columbus reach the coast of present-day Nicaragua, naming Cape Gracias a Dios for having come through a storm.
• 1504 – Christopher Columbus sets out for Spain after completing his fourth voyage to America.
• 1590 – Birth of María de Zayas, Spanish writer of the Golden Age (d. 1647).
• 1631 – Off the Brazilian coast of Pernambuco, the Spanish squadron defeats the Dutch one at the Battle of Abrolhos.
• 1647 – Death of Miguel Pellicer, the alleged recipient of the Miracle of Calanda, by which the Virgin of the Pillar restored (or regrew) a leg that had been amputated after an accident (b. 1617).
• 1827 – El Mercurio de Valparaíso, the oldest newspaper in circulation in Chile and Hispanic America, begins publication.
• 1847 – Near Mexico City, during the United States intervention in Mexico, the Battle of Chapultepec begins.
• 1860 – In Trujillo (Honduras), the American adventurer William Walker, who had invaded the territory of Nicaragua, is executed by firing squad.
• 1929 – In Paraguay, the government decrees a state of siege because of the rise of a communist movement.
• 1953 – In Colombia, the Colombian liberal guerrillas accept the amnesty offered by the military government, after four years of fighting.
• 1960 – Ana María Paillard Cassan, French actress and model with a career in Argentina, dies by suicide (b. 1936).
• 1988 – In the Peruvian city of Pucallpa (Ucayali Department), the terrorist group Shining Path murders eight “cabros, prostis y fumones” in front of a group of journalists.
• 1992 – In Peru, Operation Victoria is carried out, achieving the capture of Abimael Guzmán, insurgent leader of the terrorist organization Shining Path.
• 2015 – In Málaga (Spain), the Virgen del Rocío is canonically crowned.