Template:On this day - August 30

Peter III of Aragon

• 1282 – At Trapani (Sicily), the Aragonese King Peter III lands his army of Almogavars to the cry of "Desperta Ferro!". Charles of Anjou abandoned the battlefield, allowing Peter III to proceed to Palermo to be crowned King of Sicily.
• 1334 – Birth of Peter I the Cruel, King of Castile (d. 1369).
• 1483 – In Spain, the Catholic Monarchs recognize and expand the Lullian University on the island of Majorca.
• 1521 – The last Mexica emperor Cuauhtémoc is taken prisoner by Hernán Cortés, and with this the Aztec empire is officially defeated.
• 1531 – Jerónimo de Melo founds the settlement of Malambo (present-day Colombia).
• 1620 – Death of Baltasar Elisio de Medinilla, Spanish poet (b. 1585).
• 1818 – Death of Casimiro Gómez Ortega, Spanish physician and botanist (b. 1741).
• 1848 – Costa Rica becomes independent from the Federal Republic of Central America.
• 1855 – Argentina and Chile sign a Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Trade and Navigation.
• 1857 – In Argentina the first train journey is made on the Western Railway line of Buenos Aires, from Estación del Parque to La Floresta station.
• 1933 – 400 km northwest of Asunción (Paraguay), the Battle of Campo Grande begins, in the course of the Chaco War.
• 1945 – The Mexican Government recognizes the Government of the Spanish Republic (in exile after the Spanish Civil War).
• 1975 – In Peru, having overthrown the coup-installed general Juan Velasco Alvarado the day before, the likewise coup-plotting general Francisco Morales Bermúdez proclaims himself president.
• 1996 – In Putumayo (Colombia), the FARC guerrillas take the Las Delicias military base in Puerto Leguízamo, leaving 28 soldiers dead, 16 injured and 60 kidnapped.
• 2007 – Death of José Luis de Vilallonga, Spanish aristocrat, actor, writer and journalist (b. 1920).
• 2020 – Death of Ángel Faus Belau, Spanish journalist and professor (b. 1935).