Template:On this day - November 13

Didacus of Alcalá

• 619 – In the city of Seville (Hispania), during the reign of Sisebut, the Second Synod of Seville is held, presided over by Saint Isidore of Seville.
• 687 – Death of Erwig, Visigothic King in Hispania.
• 1463 – Death of Diego de Alcalá, Spanish Franciscan friar considered a saint by the Catholic Church (b. 1400).
• 1494 – In the Canary Islands, Spanish troops defeat the Guanches and once again occupy the island of Tenerife.
• 1523 – The Spanish conquistador Pedro de Alvarado, lieutenant of Hernán Cortés, sets out from Tenochtitlan (present-day Mexico) at the head of soldiers and Tlaxcalan Indians, bound for Guatemala.
• 1655 – In the Pacific Ocean, 50 km west of the Port of Callao (Peru), lies the epicenter of a great earthquake of magnitude 7.7, which leaves 11,000 dead and causes heavy damage in Lima and Callao.
• 1810 – In New Spain, present-day Mexico, the parish priest of Ahualulco (Jalisco), José María Mercado, rises in arms and proclaims the independence of Mexico in that town.
• 1850 – In Mexico City, the country's first telegraph transmission is made, from the National Palace to the Palace of Mining.
• 1860 – In Peru, the Political Constitution of 1860 is promulgated, which will be the longest-lasting in the country's history.
• 1922 – In Spain, the Government dissolves the Military Defense Juntas and forbids soldiers to form associations.
• 1985 – An eruption of the volcano Nevado del Ruiz produces an ice avalanche that destroys the Colombian town of Armero.
• 2002 – Off the coast of Galicia (Spain), the oil tanker Prestige has an accident, spilling 77,000 tonnes of fuel oil and causing one of the greatest environmental disasters in the history of navigation.
• 2010 – Death of Luis García Berlanga, Spanish filmmaker and screenwriter (b. 1921).
• 2023 – Death of Héctor Benavides, Mexican journalist, host and broadcaster (b. 1941).