Template:On this day - October 1

Rafael Esteve.

• 1500 – On the island of Santo Domingo, Christopher Columbus is imprisoned by Francisco de Bobadilla, sent by the Catholic Monarchs to take him to Spain.
• 1602 – Death of Hernando de Cabezón, organist and Spanish composer, son of Antonio de Cabezón (b. 1541).
• 1756 – Birth of Francisco Santpons, Spanish physician and inventor (d. 1821).
• 1777 – At the Palace of La Granja (Spain), the Treaty of San Ildefonso is signed, fixing the boundaries in America between Spain and Portugal.
• 1792 – In Barcelona (Spain), the first issue of the Diario de Barcelona appears.
• 1800 – France takes over the territories of Spanish Louisiana through an alleged secret preliminary agreement, later ratified by the Convention of Aranjuez, whose clauses France failed to honor.
• 1812 – In Montevideo (Uruguay), Argentine forces begin the siege against the Spanish troops.
• 1813 – In Bolivia, some 140 km northwest of Potosí, the Spanish troops defeat the revolutionaries from several South American countries (led by the Argentine lawyer Manuel Belgrano) at the Battle of Vilcapugio.
• 1814 – In the Captaincy General of Chile, the Battle of Rancagua begins. Royalist troops sent to Chile by the Viceroy of Peru defeat the secessionists and recover Santiago.
• 1823 – In Spain, King Ferdinand VII restores the Spanish Inquisition.
• 1847 – Death of Rafael Esteve, Spanish engraver (b. 1772).
• 1901 – In Madrid (Spain), the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores is constituted.
• 1931 – In Spain, the Constitution of the Second Republic recognizes universal suffrage, granting women the right to vote.
• 1936 – In Burgos (Spain), Francisco Franco is named Head of State by the troops in revolt against the Government of Spain.
• 1979 – The United States returns sovereignty over the Panama Canal to Panama.
• 1983 – The countries of the Andean Pact approve Peru's plan for Bolivia to gain an outlet to the sea using Peruvian ports.
• 2016 – Death of Fernando Silva Espinoza, Nicaraguan pediatrician, poet, narrator, short story writer, novelist, essayist, painter and linguist (b. 1927).
• 2017 – The Government of Catalonia (Spain) illegally holds a referendum, previously suspended by the Constitutional Court.
• 2018 – The International Court of Justice in The Hague rules in favor of Chile in the case over the outlet to the sea brought by Bolivia.