Plácido Domingo

From Hispanopedia
Plácido Domingo
Other nameEl Granado
OccupationsSinger, composer, producer, conductor.
Years active1959–present
Spouse(s)
Ana María Guerra Cué
​
​
(m. 1957; div. 1959)​

Marta Ornelas
​
(m. 1962)​
Children3
GenresOpera, zarzuela, classical music
InstrumentVoice
LabelsPhilips Classics
Deutsche Grammophon
Decca Records
Associated actsJosé Carreras, Luciano Pavarotti, Montserrat Caballé, Renata Scotto, Rolando Villazón, Juan Diego Flórez, Luis Cámara, Maite Embil, Mon Laferte, Il Volo, Luis Dámaso
Voice typeDramatic tenor[1]

José Plácido Domingo Embil (Madrid, January 21, 1941)[2] is a Spanish singer, conductor, producer and composer, [3][4] and former general director of the Washington National Opera and of the Los Angeles Opera (California).[5]

With baritone and tenor registers, he was part of the trio The Three Tenors, together with his fellow Spaniard José Carreras and the Italian Luciano Pavarotti.

Among other distinctions, he holds the Order of the British Empire and the Grand Cross of Alfonso X the Wise.[6]

Biography

Plácido Domingo was born on January 21, 1941, at No. 34 Calle de Ibiza in Madrid. He is the son of two zarzuela singers, Plácido Domingo Ferrer, from Zaragoza, and Josefa Pepita Embil Etxaniz, from Gipuzkoa. His sister was named María José; she died in 2015.[7] His family knows him as El Granado, because from a very young age he sang the song "Granada" by the Mexican composer Agustín Lara. In 1949, at the age of eight, on January 18, he moved with his family to Mexico City to work in musical theatre, and he soon stood out in his piano lessons. He studied at the National School of Arts and at the National Conservatory of Music, studying piano and orchestral conducting. At that time, alongside his studies, he tried to become a professional footballer. It was in 1957 that he married the Mexican pianist Ana María Guerra Cué, with whom he had his first son, José Plácido Domingo Guerra, born on June 16, 1958. The marriage lasted only a few months, and she, born in 1938, died in 2006. In 1962 he would marry again, this time the soprano Marta Ornelas, from Veracruz, whom he had met while at the conservatory.

Professional beginnings

Domingo made his debut as a baritone on May 12, 1959, playing Pascual in the work Marina at the Teatro Degollado in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico. He then played Borsa in Rigoletto and the Father Confessor in Dialogues des Carmélites, among others. That same year he made another debut, this time as a tenor, playing Alfredo in La traviata at the María Teresa Montoya theater in the city of Monterrey. He then decided to continue performing zarzuela with his parents. But it was in 1962 that Plácido Domingo triumphed: that year he went to the Tel Aviv Opera, the national opera of Israel, where he stayed for two and a half years and sang in 280 performances.

His second wife, Marta Ornelas, decided to end her career as a singer to devote herself to caring for their children: Plácido, Jr. (1965) and Álvaro (1968). She has since devoted herself to stage direction.

For the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain, he recorded the Official Theme of that FIFA Cup.[citation needed] He also contributed musical scenes to the opening and closing ceremonies of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games together with José Carreras, Alfredo Kraus, and others. On January 21, 2011, his 70th birthday, he was honored with a gala performance at the Teatro Real of Madrid, attended by, among other personalities, Queen Sofía, who accompanied the tenor in the royal box. That same month he had premiered at the Madrid coliseum the production of Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride.[8] On June 29, 2016, on the occasion of his 75th birthday, Real Madrid organized "Plácido en el alma", a historic concert in his honor at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid. The Spanish tenor was accompanied by top-ranking artists such as Alejandro Sanz, Andrea Bocelli, José Mercé, David Bisbal, Sara Baras, Pablo Alborán, Alejandro Fernández, Fher (Maná), Juanes, Pablo López, India Martínez, Rozalén, Carlos Baute, Diego Torres, Il Volo, Dvicio, Los Secretos, Diana Navarro, Pablo Sainz Villegas, Ara Malikian, Arturo Sandoval, Café Quijano, Plácido Domingo Jr., the Antonio Gades Company, the Resident Orchestra of the Teatro Real, the Coro Filarmónica and Bertín Osborne, the latter also serving as master of ceremonies. More than 80,000 people were able to attend the stadium: tickets sold out, and the proceeds went to the Real Madrid sports schools in Mexico.[9]

International career

Plácido Domingo in 1979 (Pájaro de Fuego magazine).
Plácido Domingo at the Kodak Theatre in Los Angeles, during the 81st Academy Awards ceremony, on February 22, 2009.

In 1966 he sang the title role in the American premiere of Alberto Ginastera's Don Rodrigo at the New York City Opera, with great success. He became known internationally with his debut in Hamburg in 1967. He performed for the first time at the Metropolitan Opera in New York on September 28, 1968, in Francesco Cilea's Adriana Lecouvreur, singing with Renata Tebaldi. Since then, he has opened that theater's season on twenty-one occasions, surpassing by four the previous record, held by Enrico Caruso. He made numerous debuts in the United States, above all in New York and San Francisco, although he also continued touring cities in Europe during the sixties. He made his debut at the Vienna State Opera in 1967 and at the Lyric Opera of Chicago in 1968. His appearances at La Scala, the Teatro Municipal of Santiago and the San Francisco Opera date from 1969, at Covent Garden from 1971, and at the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires he made his debut in 1972 with Verdi's La forza del destino, together with Martina Arroyo. He returned to the Colón in 1979 for La fanciulla del West, in 1981 with Otello together with Renato Bruson and Teresa Zylis-Gara, in 1982 with Tosca together with Eva Marton, in 1997 for Samson and Delilah, and in 1998 he bade farewell with Giordano's Fedora, together with Mirella Freni and Sherrill Milnes. On July 30, 1991, he was applauded for eighty-one minutes after performing Verdi's Otello at the Vienna State Opera, which constitutes the absolute record for applause, held by Pavarotti until that moment; on that triumphant night, the great Madrid-born singer had to return to the Opera's stage a total of one hundred and one times.

He has sung in practically all the important opera houses in the world and at the main festivals. In 2005 he made a highly successful debut at the London Proms with the role of Siegmund (Die Walküre).[10]

He has worked with Herbert von Karajan, Zubin Mehta, James Levine and Carlos Kleiber, among other conductors.

In his repertoire in several languages (Italian, French, German, Spanish, English and Russian), works by Handel and Mozart, Alberto Ginastera, Gustav Mahler and Tan Dun stand out. On stage he has sung more than one hundred different roles, and including recordings, he exceeds one hundred and fifty.[citation needed] In Italian he has performed Il trovatore, Don Carlos, Otello, Tosca and Turandot; in French, Faust, Werther, Don José in Carmen, Samson in Samson and Delilah and Offenbach's Les Contes d'Hoffmann. He has successfully performed Wagnerian roles, both at the Bayreuth Festival and at other opera houses, in particular in Lohengrin and Parsifal (a most outstanding performance in 1991), and Siegmund in Die Walküre (The Valkyrie).

Plácido Domingo continues adding operas to his repertoire, such as Franco Alfano's recent work Cyrano de Bergerac at the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House in London, as well as the opera The First Emperor (Qin Shihuang) by Tan Dun (2006), staged by the Chinese film director Zhang Yimou.

Baroque opera has also become part of his repertoire, as he made his debut in this genre on March 26, 2008, playing the role of Bajazet in George Frideric Handel's Tamerlano (Teatro Real of Madrid).

He took part in the closing ceremony of the Beijing Olympic Games.[11]

After seven years of absence from Mexico City, on December 19, 2009, he gave an open-air concert at the foot of that city's Independence monument, in which he was accompanied for the first time by his son Plácido Jr. and the Mexican performers Eugenia Garza, María Alejandres and Olivia Gorra, singing opera arias, zarzuela, poems, ranchera music and traditional Christmas songs.

Film and television

Domingo has appeared in seven filmed operas: Madama Butterfly, directed by Jean-Pierre Ponnelle; Carmen, directed by Francesco Rosi (winner of a Grammy); Tosca, directed by Gianfranco de Bosio; as well as three directed by Franco Zeffirelli: Otello, Cavalleria rusticana and Pagliacci, and La traviata, with Teresa Stratas, which likewise received a Grammy Award; and also in numerous zarzuela videos, such as Federico Moreno Torroba's Luisa Fernanda. In 2008 he took part in both the English and Spanish dubbing of the film Beverly Hills Chihuahua as the character Montezuma.

On television, the zarzuela galas and the Live at the Met broadcasts stand out, as well as charity galas and events for music lovers such as A Night For New Orleans, with Frederica von Stade in March 2006.

Special events

On September 19, 1985, during the largest earthquake in the history of Mexico, which devastated part of Mexico City, above all the Historic Center area and some nearby neighborhoods or colonias, his aunt, his uncle, a nephew and his nephew's young son died when the Nuevo León apartment block collapsed in the Tlatelolco housing complex. Plácido Domingo himself took part in the rescue efforts. Throughout the following year he gave benefit concerts for the victims. One of the most important was on August 23, 1986, "Plácido and Friends" at the Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, in which Frank Sinatra, Julie Andrews, John Denver and the Mexican group Pandora took part. An album of one of these events was also released.

On August 21, 2007, in recognition of his artistic work and his contribution to the victims of the 1985 earthquake, the artist was honored in the Mexican capital with a statue in his honor, cast from keys donated by the population. The piece, the work of the sculptor Alejandra Zúñiga, is two meters tall, weighs about three hundred kilograms and is part of the Grandes Valores project. In addition to his altruistic acts, Plácido Domingo has given houses to families without resources in Mexico, above all because of the damage caused by Hurricane Pauline in the state of Guerrero. The construction company designed a house model and named it after him, called "Plácido", of which thousands were built.

On December 18, 2009, Plácido Domingo was declared a Distinguished Guest of Mexico City by the head of the capital's government, Marcelo Ebrard. On September 13, 2010, the 59th Legislature of the honorable Congress of Guerrero presented him with the Sentimientos de la Nación medal, the highest decoration awarded by the State Congress to distinguished personalities, within the framework of the First Congress of Anáhuac or Congress of Chilpancingo. Plácido Domingo earned this medal for his great altruistic work in the natural disasters of the 1985 Earthquake in Mexico City and Hurricane Pauline in the port of Acapulco; in these two disasters the tenor donated his earnings for an entire year. Because the tenor was in Los Angeles, the medal was received by his son José Plácido Domingo Guerra, on the evening of September 13, 2010, in the cathedral of the Assumption of Mary in Chilpancingo, Guerrero.

Finally, the Mexican government awarded him the Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle, the highest award granted by the Government of Mexico to foreign citizens, for his great work in assisting those affected by the 1985 earthquake.

The sexual harassment scandal

Main article: Weinstein effect

On August 13, 2019, the Associated Press agency published the testimonies of nine women, eight of them singers and one a dancer, of whom only one went public with her identity. They alleged that when they were starting out in the profession they were victims of sexual harassment by the singer.[12] The alleged victims explained that Domingo urged them to have sexual relations and that, if they refused, they would not obtain professional favors from the singer.[13]

In a statement the singer said that the accusations were "inaccurate", that he believed that "all of my interactions and relationships were always welcomed and consensual", and that he was of the opinion that "the rules and standards by which we are, and should be, measured today are very different than they were in the past".[13] Concerts by the singer in Philadelphia and San Francisco were canceled as a result of the sexual harassment accusations,[14] while other European theaters, such as La Scala in Milan, the Royal Opera House in London, the Vienna Opera and the Teatro Real of Madrid, kept the scheduled performances.[15][16]

Paloma San Basilio and Ainhoa Arteta, singing professionals who have worked with Domingo, came to his defense, calling these accusations despicable and highlighting the tenor's always professional, friendly and generous attitude.[17][18] Other professionals who spoke out in favor of the tenor were the sopranos Raina Kabaivanska, Sonya Yoncheva, Davinia Rodríguez and Saioa Hernández, the guitarist Pablo Sáinz Villegas and the tenor Javier Camarena.[19]

On September 5, 2019, eleven new women accused Domingo of sexual harassment[20] through a report by the Associated Press, among them the singer Angela Turner Wilson, who shared the bill with the singer when she was 28 years old during the production of the opera Le Cid in the 1999–2000 season of the Washington Opera. Wilson recounts how Domingo forcefully groped her breasts in the dressing room while she was having her makeup done, leaving her stunned and humiliated.[21] The report includes testimonies from employees and technicians who strove to protect the young women from the star while the administrators looked the other way.[19] According to this publication, Plácido Domingo's behavior was an open secret known to everyone, and the young women were left to fend for themselves while the administrators looked the other way.[19] As a consequence of this new series of allegations, the Dallas Opera canceled Plácido Domingo's performance scheduled for March 11, 2020.[22]

On Tuesday, February 25, 2020, Plácido Domingo apologized to the women who had accused him of sexual harassment for "the hurt" he had caused them, also accepting "full responsibility" for the actions alleged in the preceding months.[23] This apology came after the investigation by the American union of opera artists concluded that Plácido Domingo had sexually harassed several women and abused his position of authority, as he held senior posts at the Washington National Opera and the Los Angeles Opera.[24]

Repertoire


Honors and awards (selection)

Domingo was awarded the Medal of Freedom in 2002.

Other recognitions

Doctor honoris causa

Grammy Awards

  • 1983 – Best Opera Recording for Verdi: La Traviata.
  • 1984 – Best Opera Recording for Bizet: Carmen.
  • 1984 – Best Latin Performance for Always In My Heart (Siempre en mi corazón).
  • 1988 – Best Opera Recording for Wagner: Lohengrin.
  • 1990 – Best Classical Vocal Performance, together with Carreras and Pavarotti, for The Three Tenors.
  • 1992 – Best Opera Recording for R. Strauss: Die Frau Ohne Schatten.
  • 1999 – Best Mexican-American Music Performance for 100 años de mariachi.

Emmy Awards

He has also received two Emmy Awards for television specials made in the United States:

  • 1984 – Best Classical Music Program for Great Performances: Plácido Domingo Celebrates Seville.
  • 1992 – Best Individual Classical Performance for The Metropolitan Opera Silver Anniversary Gala.

And two other nominations:

  • 1986 – Best Individual Classical Performance for Great Performances: Cavalleria Rusticana.
  • 1988 – Best Individual Classical Performance for Great Performances: Aida: From the Houston Grand Opera.

Professional activity

With José Carreras and Luciano Pavarotti, he formed in 1990 the artistic partnership of The Three Tenors in Rome, on the occasion of the 1990 Football World Cup in Italy.[27] The event was originally conceived to raise money for the José Carreras International Leukaemia Foundation. It was subsequently repeated at the three following World Cups: 1994, Los Angeles; 1998, Paris; and 2002, Yokohama. These performances by the three tenors, together with the conductor Zubin Mehta, sought to bring opera closer to the general public.[28][29]

In 1992, in partnership with the British theatrical producer Cameron Mackintosh and the Spanish director and producer José Tamayo, he premiered in Madrid the musical Les Misérables, which opened on September 16 at the Nuevo Apolo theater. In 1993 he founded Operalia, a competition for young opera singers.

From 1994 to 2011 he was artistic director of the Washington National Opera, based at the Kennedy Center in the American capital.[30] In 1998 he was appointed artistic director of the Los Angeles Opera, of which he became general director in 2003, a post from which he resigned in 2019.[31]

In the early years of the 21st century he continued his work as a conductor and artist, both of operas and, occasionally, of symphony orchestras. He conducted for the first time on October 7, 1973, La Traviata at the New York City Opera. He achieved great success with Carmen for the inauguration of the Universal Exposition in Seville in 1992. He conducted the Montreal Symphony Orchestra on November 8, 2005.

In 2002 he recorded the centenary anthem of Real Madrid CF, a song he performed in the rain on the pitch of the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium on the very day of the 100th anniversary.

In June 2006, he appeared together with the Russian soprano Anna Netrebko and the Mexican tenor Rolando Villazón on the occasion of the 2006 Football World Cup in Germany and at the closing ceremony of that event itself.[32]

He took part in the event "Chile en mi corazón" on January 14, 2018, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his first appearance in Chile, at the National Stadium before 43,000 people, in a concert with the Bogotá Philharmonic Orchestra, together with the Puerto Rican soprano Ana María Martínez, his son, also a singer, Plácido Domingo, the guitarist Pablo Sáinz Villegas and the Chilean popular singer Mon Laferte.[33]

Discography

He has more than one hundred recordings, most of them of complete operas, often recording the same role several times.

The Penguin Guide highlights the following recordings as "of exceptional quality":

  • Offenbach: Les Contes d'Hoffman (The Tales of Hoffmann), with Sutherland, Tourangeau, Backquier, Orchestre de la Suisse Romande and Lausanne ProArte Chorus, conducted by Bonynge. London.
  • R. Strauss: Die Frau ohne Schatten (The Woman without a Shadow), with Varady, Behrens, van Dam, Jo, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Solti. London
  • Verdi: Il Trovatore, with Price, Milnes, Cossotto, Ambrosian Opera Chorus, New Philharmonia Orchestra, conducted by Mehta. RCA
  • Wagner: Lohengrin, with Norman, Randova, Nimsgern, Sotin, Fischer-Dieskau, Vienna State Opera Chorus, Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Solti. Decca

Other recordings that may be highlighted are the following:

  • Complete operas. Notable among them:
    • Cilea: Adriana Lecouvreur, with Renata Scotto and Sherrill Milnes.
    • Giordano: Andrea Chenier, conducted by James Levine with Renata Scotto and Sherrill Milnes (RCA).
    • Leoncavallo: I Pagliacci, conducted by N. Santi, with the London Symphony Orchestra, John Alldis Choir (1965). DG.
    • Mascagni: Cavalleria rusticana, conducted by Giuseppe Sinopoli, Philharmonia Orchestra of London, Chorus of the Royal Opera House Covent Garden. DG.
    • Verdi: Don Carlo, conducted by Giulini, with the Covent Garden Orchestra and Ambrosian Opera Chorus (1970, EMI), is the Italian version in five acts; he recorded it again, the French version in five acts, with Claudio Abbado and the Orchestra and Chorus of the Teatro La Scala in Milan in 1984, DG.
    • Verdi: Aida, conducted by Riccardo Muti, with the New Philharmonia Orchestra, Covent Garden Chorus (1974). EMI; he also recorded it under the direction of James Levine, with the Orchestra and Chorus of the Metropolitan in New York (1991). Sony.
    • Verdi: Un ballo in maschera (A Masked Ball), recorded under the direction of Riccardo Muti, New Philharmonia Orchestra, Covent Garden Chorus of London (1975). EMI.
    • Verdi: La forza del destino, with Riccardo Muti conducting the Orchestra and Chorus of the Teatro La Scala in Milan, 1986 (EMI).
    • Verdi: Otello with James Levine and Renata Scotto and Sherrill Milnes (RCA), 1978.
    • Verdi: Otello, conducted by L. Maazel, Orchestra and Chorus of the Teatro La Scala in Milan, 1986 (EMI).
    • Wagner: Parsifal, conducted by James Levine, with the Orchestra and Chorus of the Metropolitan in New York (1994). Deutsche Grammophon.
    • Wagner: Tristan and Isolde, with Nina Stemme, a studio recording released in August 2005 (EMI).
  • Albums
    • Operatic recital (recordings from 1970–1980) for HMV, a compilation of recordings for EMI.
    • Bravissimo, Domingo (several CDs, a selection from his entire career, RCA).
    • Gala opera concert, with the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Carlo Maria Giulini, a recording of a 1980 recital (Deutsche Grammophon). For DG he has also recorded other selections of opera arias, such as The best of Domingo.
    • Great love scenes, with Renata Scotto, Kiri Te Kanawa and Ileana Cotrubas. A compilation for CBS of various duets and love scenes.
    • Vienna, city of my dreams, with the English Chamber Orchestra conducted by Rudel, operetta arias by Lehár, Zeller, Kálmán, Fall, O. Strauss, J. Strauss and Sieczynski (HMV).

There is a set of recordings with all the tenor arias written by Giuseppe Verdi, including several rarely performed versions, in languages other than that of the original opera, which Verdi composed for specific productions.

  • Religious music
    • Ave Maria, with the Vienna Boys' Choir, the Vienna Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Froschauer (1979, RCA).
    • Sacred Songs, with the Orchestra Sinfonica di Milano Giuseppe Verdi, conducted by Marcello Viotti (2002, Deutsche Grammophon).
  • Zarzuela
    • The lyric comedy in three acts Doña Francisquita by Amadeo Vives, conducted by M. Roa, with the Seville Symphony Orchestra and the resident Chorus of the Gran Teatro de Córdoba (1994). Sony.
  • Other genres

He has recorded numerous albums, among them: Domingo canta las canciones de Agustín Lara, 100 años de Mariachi, Quiéreme mucho, The Domingo Songbook, Siempre en mi corazón; the latter contains exceptional music in which the tenor performs songs by Ernesto Lecuona accompanied by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, and De mi alma latina (1 and 2). In 2006 he released the album Italia ti amo. Also in 2006 he performed the theme song "Alborada" of the telenovela of the same name starring Lucero and Fernando Colunga. Plácido appeared on the cover of the album with the telenovela's music, and several of his hits were included on the soundtrack.

  • DVD
    • Puccini: Manon Lescaut – Renata Scotto, James Levine, Metropolitan Opera
    • Puccini: Madama Butterfly – Mirella Freni, Herbert von Karajan, film by Jean Pierre Ponnelle
    • Verdi: Luisa Miller – Renata Scotto, James Morris, James Levine – Metropolitan Opera
    • Verdi: Otello – Kiri te Kanawa, Sergei Leiferkus, Sir Georg Solti, Covent Garden
    • Zandonai: Francesca da Rimini – Renata Scotto, James Levine, Metropolitan Opera

Bibliography

  • Domingo, P., Mis primeros cuarenta años, Editorial Planeta, S.A., 1984. ISBN 84-320-4750-3
  • Fraga Suárez, F., and Matamoro, B., Plácido Domingo : historia de una voz, Edilibro, S.L./ Espasa-Calpe, S.A., 1996. ISBN 84-409-0332-4 / ISBN 84-239-9058-3
  • Matheopoulos, H., Plácido Domingo : mis personajes, mi vida, Ma Non Troppo, 2001. ISBN 84-95601-21-4
  • Snowman, D., El mundo de Plácido Domingo, Ediciones Versal, S.A., 1986. ISBN 84-86311-48-9
  • Homenaje a Plácido Domingo, Fundación Independiente, 1998. ISBN 84-921922-1-6

References

  1. ↑ Carraté, Alfonso (March 29, 2012). "La voz de tenor". Melómano Digital (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  2. ↑ The following sources agree in giving 1941 as the tenor's date of birth: Encyclopedia Britannica; Encyclopedia of World Biography, Thomson Gale, 2006; The Concise Grove Dictionary of Music, Oxford University Press, 1994; Warrack, J. and West, E. The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, OUP, 1992; Dizionario Enciclopedico Universale della Musica e dei Musicisti, Torino, UTET, 1985; it is also the year that appears on the singer's official website Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ↑ "Plácido Domingo" (in français). Enciclopedia Larousse.
  4. ↑ "Plácido Domingo" (in español). Enciclopedia Encarta en Español. Archived from the original on December 4, 2007.
  5. ↑ Ximénez de Sandoval, Pablo (October 3, 2019). "Plácido Domingo dimite como director de la Ópera de Los Ángeles tras las acusaciones de acoso sexual". El País (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  6. ↑ "Plácido Domingo, Concha Velasco y Jorge Edwards, entre los condecorados con la Gran Cruz de Alfonso X el Sabio" (in español). El Cultural. February 27, 2017. Retrieved February 28, 2017. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  7. ↑ "Plácido Domingo: «Se me ha ido una parte de mí»". La Razón (in español). June 20, 2015. Archived from the original on September 25, 2017. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  8. ↑ Ruiz Mantilla, Jesús (January 21, 2011). "Plácido Domingo, el 70 cumpleaños de un titán". El País (in español). Retrieved January 21, 2017.
  9. ↑ "Pablo en el concierto homenaje a Plácido Domingo - Pablo Sáinz Villegas". Pablo Sáinz Villegas (in español). May 19, 2016. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  10. ↑ Rábago, Joaquín (July 19, 2005). "Plácido Domingo triunfa en su estreno en el festival Proms". El Mundo (in español). Retrieved September 12, 2019.
  11. ↑ "Domingo and Chinese singer Song perform together at Beijing Olympics closing". People Daily Online. August 24, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  12. ↑ Ximénez de Sandoval, Pablo (August 14, 2019). "Nueve mujeres acusan a Plácido Domingo de acoso sexual". El País (in español). Madrid. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Mujeres del mundo de la ópera acusan a Plácido Domingo de acoso sexual". La Vanguardia (in español). Barcelona. August 13, 2019. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
  14. ↑ Ximénez de Sandoval, Pablo (August 14, 2019). "Canceladas actuaciones de Plácido Domingo en Filadelfia y San Francisco por las acusaciones de acoso sexual". El País (in español). Madrid. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  15. ↑ Agencia EFE (August 16, 2019). "La Scala de Milán mantiene las actuaciones de Plácido Domingo". El Mundo (in español). Madrid. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  16. ↑ Koch, Tommaso; Molina, Margot (August 16, 2019). "El Teatro Real sale en defensa de Plácido Domingo". El País (in español). Madrid. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
  17. ↑ Agencia EFE (August 14, 2019). "Paloma San Basilio y Ainhoa Arteta salen en defensa de Plácido Domingo:"Es una canallada"". El Mundo (in español). Madrid. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  18. ↑ Agencia EFE (August 15, 2019). "Berganza defiende a Domingo: "Nadie tiene derecho a juzgar, y en público"". El Confidencial (in español). Madrid. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Bravo, Julio (September 6, 2019). "Once nuevas mujeres acusan a Plácido Domingo de abusos sexuales". ABC (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  20. ↑ Scarpellini, Pablo (September 5, 2019). "Plácido Domingo, acusado por otras 11 mujeres de acoso sexual". El Mundo (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  21. ↑ Ximénez de Sandoval, Pablo (September 5, 2019). "11 mujeres más acusan a Plácido Domingo de acoso sexual". El País (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  22. ↑ "La Ópera de Dallas cancela la actuación de Plácido Domingo". La Vanguardia (in español). September 6, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  23. ↑ "Plácido Domingo acepta "toda la responsabilidad" de las acusaciones de acoso sexual y pide perdón por "el dolor" causado". Europa Press (in español). February 25, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Una investigación confirma que Plácido Domingo acosó sexualmente a varias mujeres y abusó de su poder". Público (in español). February 25, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  25. ↑ "Plácido Domingo recibe este jueves el Premio Austriaco de Teatro Musical 2020 en Salzburgo a su trayectoria". Europa Press (in español). August 5, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  26. ↑ EFE (September 17, 2013). "Plácido Domingo es galardonado con el 'Praemium imperiale'" (in español). 20minutos.com. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
  27. ↑ Bravo, Julio (July 7, 2020). "30 años del primer concierto de los tres tenores". ABC (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  28. ↑ García, Magdalena (July 14, 2020). "Los Tres Tenores: A 30 años de la reunión que cambió la visión de la ópera". Duna (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  29. ↑ Mora, Miguel (January 3, 1998). "Los tres tenores cantan gratis en Madrid". El País (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  30. ↑ Caño, Antonio (June 27, 1994). "Plácido Domingo se hace cargo hoy de la dirección artística de la Ópera de Washington". El País (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  31. ↑ Ansorena, Javier (March 28, 2020). "La Ópera de Los Ángeles concluye que las acusaciones contra Plácido Domingo son «creíbles», pero no hubo «quid pro quo»". ABC (in español). Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  32. ↑ "Plácido Domingo y Rolando Villazón: un canto redondo". Deutsche Welle (in español). February 9, 2006. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
  33. ↑ Comunicaciones, Compañía Chilena de. "Plácido Domingo celebró con multitudinario show los 50 años de su primera visita". Cooperativa.cl (in español). Retrieved January 15, 2018.
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