Template:On this day - October 13

Alfonso García Robles

• 824 – In Brañosera (present-day Spain), Count Munio Núñez promulgates the first known Carta Puebla.
• 1161 – Birth of Eleanor Plantagenet, Queen consort of Castile between 1170 and 1214 (d. 1214).
• 1307 – Jacques de Molay and the Knights Templar of Paris are treacherously arrested and handed over to the French Inquisition that same night.
• 1397 – In Zaragoza (present-day Spain), King Martin I of Aragon (Martin the Humane) swears to uphold the fueros established by his father Peter the Ceremonious.
• 1560 – Death of Luisa Sigea, Spanish poet and humanist (b. 1522).
• 1688 – Death of Pedro de Mena, Spanish sculptor (b. 1628).
• 1759 – Birth of Francisco Eduardo Tresguerras, Novohispanic architect, painter and engraver (d. 1833).
• 1830 – In Mexico, the General Congress divides the Internal State of the West into two states, the state of Sonora and the state of Sinaloa.
• 1843 – In Spain, Queen Isabella II establishes by decree the national flag, with the yellow and red colors of the war ensign of the Spanish Navy.
• 1909 – Francisco Ferrer Guardia, Spanish educator, founder of the Escuela Moderna, falsely accused of being the instigator of the riots of the Tragic Week of Barcelona in Spain, is executed by firing squad.
• 1910 – The Five Days' Cyclone reaches Cuba; it will take the lives of some 700 people. In Havana it breaks the Malecón.
• 1982 – The Mexican diplomat Alfonso García Robles receives the Nobel Peace Prize for having promoted the banning of nuclear weapons in Latin America.
• 1987 – The Costa Rican Óscar Arias receives the Nobel Peace Prize for his opposition to Reagan's support for the Contras in the Nicaraguan civil war.
• 2010 – At the San José Mine, near Copiapó (Chile), the rescue of the 33 miners trapped for 69 days is successfully completed.
• 2020 – Death of Arysteides Turpana, Panamanian professor, writer and poet (b. 1943).