Template:On this day - July 22

Óscar de la Renta

• 1361 – Birth of Charles III, the Noble, King of Navarre (present-day Spain) (d. 1425).
• 1478 – Birth of Philip I of Castile, the Handsome, King of Castile and León (d. 1506).
• 1454 – Death of John II, King of Castile (present-day Spain) for 48 years (b. 1405).
• 1645 – Death of the Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish aristocrat, literary and artistic patron and politician (b. 1587).
• 1731 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, signs the second Treaty of Vienna, by which Austria recognized Charles III of Spain as Duke of Parma and of Piacenza.
• 1789 – Birth of Antonio Alcalá Galiano, Spanish politician and writer (d. 1865).
• 1795 – Spain and France sign the second Treaty of Basel, ending the War of Roussillon.
• 1805 – In the course of the Napoleonic Wars, the combined Franco-Spanish fleet engages the British Royal Navy at the Battle of Cape Finisterre.
• 1808 – At Bailén (Spain) the first great defeat of the Napoleonic troops comes to an end.
• 1812 – In Spain, Anglo-Portuguese-Spanish troops commanded by Wellington defeat the French troops of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of the Arapiles.
• 1813 – During the Battle of Los Horcones at Barquisimeto (Venezuela), pro-independence forces defeat the royalists.
• 1847 – In Tabasco (Mexico), the people of Tabasco manage to expel the American invaders through guerrilla warfare.
• 1918 – In Spain, the western massif of the Picos de Europa is declared the Mountain of Covadonga National Park (later named the Picos de Europa National Park).
• 1919 – In London Manuel de Falla's El sombrero de tres picos premieres, with sets by Pablo Picasso.
• 1921 – Within the Rif War (in present-day Morocco), the fall of Igueriben takes place, with which the Disaster of Annual begins.
• 1932 – Birth of Óscar de la Renta, Dominican fashion designer based in the United States (d. 2014).
• 1936 – In the course of the Spanish Civil War, the towns of San Roque, Algeciras and La Línea de la Concepción are bombarded by ships loyal to the Republic. One of the shells hits the Rock of Gibraltar, which nearly caused a conflict with Great Britain.
• 1947 – Alejandro Lerroux, leader of the Radical Republican Party, returns to Spain from his exile in Estoril (Portugal).
• 1964 – In Washington, D.C. the OAS meets to discuss the sanctions to be imposed on Cuba for its aid to the nationalist movements in Venezuela, and by 15 votes to 4 decides to suspend diplomatic and trade relations with the island.
• 1976 – Japan completes its last economic reparation to the Philippines for the war crimes committed during the invasion carried out by the Japanese Empire in World War II, among which the Manila massacre stood out, when numerous Spanish citizens were murdered.
• 1990 – Death of Manuel Puig, Argentine writer and activist (b. 1932).
• 1993 – The Ariane IV rocket is launched into space, carrying the Spanish communications satellite Hispasat 1B.
• 1998 – In Guatemala City the police arrest the priest Mario Leonel Orantes Nájera for his complicity in the murder of Bishop Juan José Gerardi.
• 1990 – Death of Fernando Schwalb López Aldana, Peruvian lawyer, diplomat and politician (b. 1916).
• 2021 – In Turrialba, Costa Rica, the worst floods in its history are recorded, causing losses of millions in the area.