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Ignacio Bolívar
Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Ignacio Bolívar (January 1935). | |
| Alma mater | Central University |
| Employer(s) | RSEHN MNCN Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences Botanical Garden of Madrid RAE |
| Known for | Entomology and Biology |
| Children | Ignacio Bolívar Pieltáin Cándido Bolívar Pieltáin |
| Awards | Echegaray Medal (1928) Doctorate honoris causa from the Autonomous University of Mexico and the University of Pittsburgh[1] |
Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia (Madrid, November 9, 1850 – Mexico City, November 19, 1944) was a Spanish naturalist and entomologist, a researcher and promoter of the development of biological science.[1]
Biography
A graduate in Law and holder of a doctorate in Natural Sciences, he was a student of the professor of zoology Laureano Pérez Arcas, who greatly influenced his scientific life.[2]
In 1875 he obtained a teaching post at the Central University of Madrid, where he was appointed professor of Entomology in 1877. Linked to Krausism, he presided over the Board for Advanced Studies and Scientific Research of Madrid (1934–1939), succeeding Santiago Ramón y Cajal, and over the Royal Spanish Society of Natural History, and he was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy (1930) and of the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences (1915), as well as of various scientific societies in Europe and America. He was also director of the Museum of Natural Sciences (1901–1934) and of the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid (1921–1930).[1]
Ignacio Bolívar devoted himself mainly to the study of entomology, in which he achieved great international prestige. In this field he wrote more than 300 books and monographs and discovered more than a thousand new species and some 200 new genera. In addition, he encouraged great scientists such as José María de la Fuente and Eugenio Morales Agacino to devote themselves to entomology.[3]
In 1928 he was awarded the Echegaray Medal of the Royal Academy of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, and the following year he was honored with the minting of a medal bearing his portrait, designed by the sculptor Miguel Blay; a specimen of it is held in the Museo del Prado.[4]
At the age of 89, during the Civil War, he went into exile in the south of France (in 1939).[2] Later that same year, he moved to Mexico, together with his son, also an entomologist, Cándido Luis Bolívar y Pieltáin. He was an honorary member of La Casa de España in Mexico,[5] and he was also named Doctor honoris causa by the National Autonomous University of Mexico after an extraordinary academic work and scientific collaboration that he maintained for five years, the time that elapsed from his arrival until his death at the age of 94.[6][7]
In Mexico, in 1940, together with other Spanish exiles, he founded the journal Ciencia, a publication that has been, since 1980, the official organ of the Mexican Academy of Sciences. He was also president of the Union of Spanish University Professors Abroad.[6] Among his most important works are: Ortópteros de España nuevos o poco conocidos (1873) and Catálogo sinóptico de los ortópteros de la fauna ibérica (1900).
On January 30, 2019, the government of Spain recognized the "illegitimacy" of the Francoist sanctions against the seven scientists subjected to reprisals by Franco, among them Bolívar, and a tribute of reparation was held with the return of the diploma of Full Academicians that had been withdrawn from them during the dictatorship of Francisco Franco.[7][8]
The abbreviation Bolívar is used to indicate Ignacio Bolívar as an authority in the description and taxonomy in zoology.
Notes and references
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Gomis Blanco, A. Ignacio Bolívar y las ciencias naturales en España. CSIC, Madrid, (1988)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Quiminet Quiminet. Forjadores de la ciencia en México - Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
- ↑ Morales Agacino, Eugenio (2001). Memorias de un naturalista (in español). Madrid: Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales. p. 276. ISBN 84-8014-302-9.
- ↑ "Homenaje a Ignacio Bolívar Urrutia - Colección". Museo Nacional del Prado (in español). Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- ↑ Soler, Martí (2015). La casa del éxodo : los exiliados y su obra en la casa de España y el Colegio de México (in español) (Segunda edición corregida y aumentada ed.). p. 108. ISBN 978-607-628-059-1. OCLC 1107990774. Retrieved 2021-06-03.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Instituto Nacional de Migración/ Centro de estudios migratorios., ed. (2010). 200 Mexicanos que nos Heredó el Mundo (in español). Paralelo 21. p. 259. ISBN 978 607 7891 02 4.
Las 200 personalidades incluidas aquí destacaron por sus notables contribuciones a México. Todas ellas nacieron en el exterior y se arraigaron en el país por diversos motivos y razones....
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "España homenajea a siete científicos represaliados por Franco y les devuelve su diploma académico". eldiario.es (in español). Retrieved January 30, 2019.
- ↑ "Acto en memoria de los Académicos agraviados durante la dictadura". YouTube (in español). Madrid: Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas Físicas Naturales. January 30, 2019. 15:05.
External links
- Website of the journal Ciencia, founded by Spanish scientists, of which Bolívar was the first director.
- Ignacio Bolívar y Urrutia at the CSIC
- Álbum da Ciencia Consello da Cultura Galega.
