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Francisco Martínez de la Rosa
Francisco Martínez de la Rosa | |
|---|---|
 Anonymous portrait of Francisco Martínez de la Rosa, Ateneo de Madrid. | |
| Secretary of State of Spain | |
| In office February 28, 1822 – August 5, 1822 | |
| Monarch | Ferdinand VII |
| Preceded by | Ramón López Pelegrín |
| Succeeded by | Evaristo San Miguel y Valledor |
| President of the Council of Ministers of Spain | |
| In office January 15, 1834 – June 7, 1835 | |
| Monarch | Isabella II |
| Preceded by | Francisco Cea Bermúdez (as Secretary of State of Spain) |
| Succeeded by | José María Queipo de Llano |
| Minister of State | |
| In office January 15, 1834 – June 7, 1835 | |
| Monarch | Isabella II |
| Preceded by | Francisco Cea Bermúdez |
| Succeeded by | José María Queipo de Llano |
| In office August 21, 1844 – February 12, 1846 | |
| Preceded by | Ramón María Narváez |
| Succeeded by | Manuel Pando Fernández de Pinedo |
| In office October 25, 1857 – January 14, 1858 | |
| Preceded by | Pedro José Pidal |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Javier de Istúriz |
| President of the Congress of Deputies | |
| In office November 28, 1821 – December 27, 1821 | |
| Monarch | Ferdinand VII |
| Preceded by | Pedro González Vallejo |
| Succeeded by | Diego Clemencín Viñas |
| In office December 1, 1852 – December 10, 1853 | |
| Monarch | Isabella II |
| Preceded by | Luis Mayans y Enríquez de Navarra |
| Succeeded by | Evaristo Fernández de San Miguel |
| In office May 1, 1857 – July 16, 1857 | |
| Preceded by | Facundo Infante |
| Succeeded by | Juan Bravo Murillo |
| In office December 2, 1858 – February 18, 1862 | |
| Preceded by | Juan Bravo Murillo |
| Succeeded by | Alejandro Mon y Menéndez |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 10, 1787 Granada (Spain) |
| Died | February 7, 1862 (aged 74) Madrid (Spain) |
| Party | Moderate Party |
| Occupation | Poet, playwright, politician and diplomat |
| Signature |  |
Francisco de Paula Martínez de la Rosa Berdejo Gómez y Arroyo (Granada, March 10, 1787 – Madrid, February 7, 1862) was a Spanish poet, playwright, politician and diplomat. He headed the country's government during the Liberal Triennium and was later appointed President of the Council of Ministers in 1834.
Biography
He held the chair of Moral Philosophy at the University of Granada (1808). He joined the ranks of the liberal revolutionaries during the Napoleonic Invasion of Spain (1808–1814), and was one of the deputies of the Cortes of Cádiz who approved the Constitution of 1812. For this reason, after the return of Ferdinand VII and the restoration of absolutism, he was imprisoned in the penal colony of Melilla, in the Fort of Victoria Grande.
He regained his freedom during the Liberal Triennium (1820–1823), during which he took on the leadership of the most moderate branch of the liberals (the «doceañistas») against the majority of «exaltados», and even headed the government as Minister of State in 1822.[1]
His cabinet was made up of José María Moscoso de Altamira (Interior), Diego Clemencín (Overseas), Nicolás María Garelli (Justice), Felipe Sierra Pambley (Finance), Luis María Balanzat de Orvay y Briones (War) and Jacinto de Romarate (Navy).[2]
After the uprising of the Royal Guard in July 1822, he submitted his resignation, which was finally accepted in August. After his fall, the situation became radicalized. On the one hand, the exaltados faction took over the government while, on the other, Ferdinand VII saw his attempts to recover absolute power fail and decided to resort to foreign intervention, which became effective with the intervention of the French army of the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis, under the auspices of the Holy Alliance, restoring absolute monarchy in Spain in October 1823.
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The ensuing absolutist reaction during the Ominous Decade (1823–1833) forced him into exile in France and ultimately led him to an eclectic ideological position, inspired by the doctrinaire liberalism of Guizot: from then on he would defend a very moderate liberalism that would serve as a compromise with the monarchy and with the supporters of absolutism. It was this centrist position that led the Regent Maria Christina to call on him to form a government in 1834–1835.[1]
In that crucial period, Martínez de la Rosa set up a regime of limited monarchy with the first bicameral Parliament in the history of Spain, embodied in the Royal Statute of 1834. Seeking the support of liberal opinion for the cause of Isabella II against the claims to the throne of Don Carlos, Martínez de la Rosa decreed an amnesty for the liberals imprisoned during the absolutist period; but, always in centrist positions, he also tried to humanize the war declared against the Carlists.[1]
His moderation was soon overtaken by the radical aspirations of the exaltado liberals, who brought progressive leaders such as Mendizábal to the government and imposed more openly liberal constitutional models (1836). From then on, Martínez de la Rosa would be one of the inspirers of the formation of the Moderate Party, which was to preside over long periods of Spanish political life, representing the conservative wing of liberalism, on which the reign of Isabella II rested. He himself was a deputy, ambassador in Paris and in Rome, President of the Council of State, Minister of State (1844–1846 and 1857–1858) and President of the Congress of Deputies (1851, 1857 and 1860).
As a writer he belonged to the first generation of Romanticism; he stood out above all in the field of drama (La conjuración de Venecia, 1834), although he also wrote poetry and essays (El espíritu del siglo, 1851). His intellectual prestige led him to become a member of the Royal Academies of Spain, among them the Royal Spanish Academy (which he presided over from 1839 to 1862), the Royal Academy of History, the Royal Academy of Fine Arts and the Royal Academy of Jurisprudence, as well as to become President of the Ateneo de Madrid.[1]
Orders
Kingdom of Spain
- Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece.[3]
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Charles III.[3]
Foreign
- Knight of the Supreme Order of Christ.[3] (Kingdom of Portugal)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Legion of Honor.[3] (Kingdom of France)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Redeemer.[3] (Kingdom of Greece)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Southern Cross.[3] (Empire of Brazil)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion.[3] (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Pius IX.[3] (Papal States)
- Knight of the Order of Saint Januarius.[3] (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
- Knight of the Order of Merit of Saint Ferdinand.[4] (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
- Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus.[3] (Kingdom of Sardinia)
- Knight of the Order of Glory.[3] (Ottoman Empire)
Works
Dramas
- La viuda de Padilla (1812, Cádiz)
- Lo que puede un empleo (1812, Cádiz) Satirical comedy.
- La niña en casa y la madre en la máscara (1815)
- Los celos infundados o el marido en la chimenea (1824)
- Morayma (1815) Tragedy. (1st ed. Paris, Didot, 1829)
- Edipo (1829)
- La conjuración de Venecia (1830)
- Aben Humeya o la rebelión de los moriscos (1836)
- La boda y el duelo (1839)
- El español en Venecia o La cabeza encantada, comedy.
- Amor de padre, historical drama. (1849)
Historical novels
- Hernán Pérez del Pulgar, el de las hazañas. Bosquejo histórico. (Madrid, Imprenta de Jordán, 1834).
- Doña Isabel de Solís, reyna de Granada. (1837)
Lyric poetry
- Zaragoza: poema, London 1811.
- Poesías. Madrid, 1833
- Poética, Tortosa 1843
Essays
- Espíritu del siglo. (1835, 1836, 1838)
- Bosquejo histórico de la política de España en tiempos de la dinastía austriaca. Madrid 1856
- La moralidad como norma de las acciones humanas. Madrid, 1856
Education
- Libro de los niños, first edition 1839.[5]
See also
- First Government of Francisco Martínez de la Rosa
- Spanish Romantic literature
- Category:Romantic writers from Spain
- Romanticism
- Spanish literature
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Biografías y Vidas. "Francisco Martínez de la Rosa" (in español). Retrieved November 7, 2008.
- ↑ Gabinetes durante el reinado de Fernando VII. (in Spanish)
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Diccionario de la lengua castellana (in español). En la Imprenta Nacional. 1852. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
- ↑ "Biblioteca ICAR - Almanacco Reale del Regno delle Due Sicilie per l'anno 1855". www.icar.beniculturali.it (in italiano). Archived from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved December 28, 2017.
- ↑ "Libro de los niños/por Francisco Martínez de la Rosa". Cervantes Virtual (in español).
Bibliography
- Various authors, Diccionario biográfico del Trienio Liberal. Madrid: El Museo Universal, 1991.
- Álvaro Fernández Fernández, El «Edipo rey» de Martínez de la Rosa (minor thesis). University of Granada, 1999.
- Álvaro Fernández Fernández, «Edipo, tragedia de Martínez de la Rosa» (article abstract).
- Álvaro Fernández Fernández, «Edipo, Martínez de la Rosa y Fernando VII: ¿intencionalidad política en la recreación de una tragedia griega?».
- Pedro Pérez de la Blanca Sales, «Martínez de la Rosa y sus tiempos». Ariel, 2005.
External links
- Page dedicated to Francisco Martínez de la Rosa at the Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.
- Martínez de la Rosa Archived March 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, biography by Paul Bitternut
- Francisco Martínez de la Rosa at Biografías y Vidas
- Digitized works by Francisco Martínez de la Rosa at the Biblioteca Digital Hispánica of the National Library of Spain
- Works by Francisco Martínez de la Rosa at the Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
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