| Content from Wikipedia under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license ⇔ Maps from OpenStreetMap under the ODbL license |
Alfonso V of León
| Alfonso V of León | |
|---|---|
| King of León | |
| Error creating thumbnail: Alfonso V according to a medieval miniature from the Cathedral of León. | |
| Reign | 999–1028 |
| Predecessor | Bermudo II |
| Successor | Bermudo III |
| Born | c. 994 |
| Died | August 7, 1028 (aged 33 or 34) Viseu, León |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | |
| Issue | See Marriages and issue |
| House | Astur-Leonese |
| Father | Bermudo II of León |
| Mother | Elvira García |
Alfonso V of León, called the Noble or he of the Good Fueros (c. 994 – Viseu, August 7, 1028), was King of León from 999 until his death.
Reign
He succeeded his father Bermudo II at the age of five,Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 7 remaining under the guardianship of his mother Elvira GarcíaSánchez Candeira (1999), p. 68 (sister of the Count of Castile Sancho García)Martínez Díez (2007), p. 74 and of his tutor, Count Menendo González,Martínez Díez (2007), p. 74 son of Gonzalo Menéndez, who took charge of his upbringing in Galicia, as King Alfonso would recall years later when referring to him as "Menendo, duke of Galicia, who was my vicar and my foster tutor."Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 7, 24, and 27 Most of Alfonso's documents during the first years of his reign were granted while he was in Galicia.Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 28 and 35 One of his tutor's sons, Ramiro Menéndez, was his armiger regis.Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 35
Alfonso V came of age in the year 1008, at fourteen, inheriting a kingdom full of political instability.Martínez Díez (2007), p. 74 That same year Menendo Rodríguez and the son of Almanzor, Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, died.Martínez Díez (2007), p. 74Reilly (1982), p. 5 His mother Elvira García, until then regent, ensured good relations with Castile for a few more years.Martínez Díez (2007), p. 74 The rebellion of a member of the Banu Gómez, sheltered by Count Sancho, put an end to this concord in 1014.Martínez Díez (2007), p. 74 The enmity between the King and the Count caused their courts to become refuges for those disaffected with the other.Martínez Díez (2007), p. 75 The rupture with Sancho, who died on March 14, 1017, led the queen mother, Elvira, to withdraw to Oviedo, where she died that same year.Martínez Díez (2007), pp. 74–75 The King reinforced Leonese dominion over the Castilian county and took from it its westernmost lands, between the Cea and Pisuerga rivers (approximately the modern province of Palencia), in 1017, upon the death of Count Sancho.Reilly (1982), pp. 5–6Sánchez Candeira (1999), p. 34 The late count had seized them during Alfonso's minority.Sánchez Candeira (1999), p. 34
Alfonso V wished to change the course of the administration, and for that he first needed a new legal framework. Thus, in 1017, at a meeting of the curia regia, the Fuero of León was promulgated, which has been described as the legal sanction of Leonese feudalism. With it, the aim was to put an end to the disorders of the previous period and to recover royal power. The name "Fuero of León" is given to a set of precepts decreed by the King of León Alfonso V at a concilium assembled in the cathedral of León in the year 1017.Fernández del Pozo (1999), pp. 104–108 To these twenty precepts were added another twenty-eight that regulated local life in the City of León. Alfonso devoted his twenty years of reign essentially to reorganizing and rebuilding the kingdom, which had been badly damaged by the campaigns of Almanzor and his son at the end of the 10th century and the beginning of the 11th century.Reilly (1982), pp. 4–5 He seems to have succeeded in temporarily restoring order in the kingdom, but his death unleashed a new period of turmoil, stirred up this time by the neighboring Kingdom of Navarre.Sánchez Candeira (1999), p. 34
Alfonso rebuilt the City of León, which had been damaged by the attacks of Almanzor.
He died while besieging the stronghold of Viseu,Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 8Reilly (1982), p. 5 in Portugal, on August 7, 1028, from an arrow wound.Martínez Díez (2007), pp. 135, 155Sánchez Candeira (1999), p. 32 He was succeeded by his son Bermudo III,Reilly (1982), p. 5 still a minor, as he was eleven years old,[lower-alpha 1] who remained under the guardianship of his stepmother, Queen Urraca.Martínez Díez (2007), p. 155
Burial
His body was taken to the City of León and buried in the Royal Pantheon of San Isidoro of León, alongside his parents.Elorza et al. (1990), pp. 53–54 The stone sepulcher in which the King's body was placed is preserved today, and the following Latin inscription is carved on its lid:
H. IACET ADEFONSUS QUI POPVLATIT LEGIONEM...ET DEDIT BONOS FOROS ET FECIT/ECCLESIAM HANC LVTO ET LATERE. HABVIT PRAELIA CUM/SARRACENIS, ET INTERFECTUS,EST SAGITTA APUD VISEUM/PORTUGAL FUIT FILIUS VEREMUNDI ORDONII/OBIIT ERA M SEXAGESIMA QUINTA III NAS M.Elorza et al. (1990), pp. 53–54
Marriages and issue
He married for the first time in the year 1013 Elvira Menéndez,Martínez Díez (2007), p. 121Sánchez Candeira (1999), p. 51 daughter of his tutor Count Menendo and his wife Muniadona,Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 214 and paternal granddaughter of Count Gonzalo Menéndez, "dux magnus de Portugal," and of Countess Ilduara Peláez. Two children were born of this marriage:Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 214
- Bermudo III of León (1017–1037), King of León from the year 1028 to 1037.Martínez Díez (2007), p. 121
- Sancha of León (1016–1067), wife of King Ferdinand I of León (the last Count of Castile), son of Sancho Garcés III of Pamplona.Martínez Díez (2007), pp. 121, 135
Elvira died on December 2, 1022.Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 218Martínez Díez (2007), p. 121Sánchez Candeira (1999), p. 51 The following year Alfonso entered into a second marriage, between May and before November 13, 1023, with Urraca Garcés, daughter of King García Sánchez II of Pamplona and sister of King Sancho the Great,Reilly (1982), p. 6 despite the ties of consanguinity, since both were descendants of Count Fernán González.Fernández del Pozo (1999), p. 218Martínez Díez (2007), p. 121Sánchez Candeira (1999), p. 51 From this second marriage was born:
- Jimena Alfonso. According to some authors, she married Count Fernando Gundemáriz, son of Gundemaro Pinióliz, based on a donation he made with his mother that was confirmed by Xemena Adefonsi regis filia, and this marriage, that of Fernando and the Infanta Jimena, were the parents of a daughter, possibly named Cristina, who was the mother of Jimena Díaz, the wife of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar.Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León (1999), p. 199 However, a Portuguese charter dated 1045 records that the wife of Fernando Gundemáriz was Muniadona Ordóñez, daughter of Ordoño Ramírez (great-grandson of Count Gonzalo Menéndez) and his wife Elvira.García Álvarez (1960), p. 220Mattoso (1981), p. 150Herculano (1869), pp. 207–208, doc. CCCXL
See also
Notes
- ↑ Nine, according to Reilly.Reilly (1982), p. 5
References
Bibliography
- Arco y Garay, Ricardo del (1954). Sepulcros de la Casa Real de Castilla (in español). Madrid: Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. OCLC 11366237.
- Elorza, Juan C; Vaquero, Lourdes; Castillo, Belén; Negro, Marta (1990). Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Bienestar Social (ed.). El Panteón Real de las Huelgas de Burgos. Los enterramientos de los reyes de León y de Castilla (in español) (2nd ed.). Valladolid: Editorial Evergráficas S.A. ISBN 84-241-9999-5.
- Fernández del Pozo, José María (1999). Alfonso V (999) Vermudo III (1029-1037) (in español). Burgos: La Olmeda. ISBN 84-89915-07-5.
- García Álvarez, Manuel Rubén (1960). "¿La Reina Velasquita, nieta de Muniadomna Díaz?" (PDF). Revista de Guimarães (in español) (70): 197–230. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Herculano, Alexandre (1869). Academia de Ciencias de Lisboa (ed.). Portugaliae Monumenta Historica: Diplomata et chartae (in Latina). Vol. Vol.I, Fasc. II. Lisbon: Olisipone. OCLC 504624362.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2007). Sancho III el Mayor Rey de Pamplona, Rex Ibericus (in español). Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia. ISBN 978-84-96467-47-7.
- Mattoso, José (1981). A nobreza medieval portuguesa, a família e o poder (in português). Lisboa: Editorial Estampa. OCLC 8242615.
- Reilly, Bernard F (1982). The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under Queen Urraca, 1109-1126. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691053448.
- Sánchez Candeira, Alfonso (1999). Rosa Montero Tejada (edition sponsored by Fundación BBV, Fundación Ramón Areces, Caja Madrid Fundación) (ed.). Castilla y León en el siglo XI, estudio del reinado de Fernando I (in español). Madrid: Real Academia de la Historia. ISBN 978-84-8951241-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1999). Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII (in español). Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura. ISBN 84-7846-781-5.
External links
