Template:On this day - September 24

Túpac Amaru

• 1230 – Death of Alfonso IX, King of León from 1188 until his death (b. 1171).
• 1493 – Christopher Columbus begins his second expedition to America, setting out from the port of Cádiz.
• 1572 – Túpac Amaru, Inca king and last leader of the Vilcabamba resistance, is executed in the main square of Cusco on the orders of the Viceroy of Peru, Francisco de Toledo.
• 1810 – In the Iglesia Mayor de San Pedro y San Pablo (in San Fernando, Cádiz), the Cortes of Cádiz are sworn in, during the Napoleonic Invasion of Spain.
• 1812 – At the Battle of Tucumán, the Army of the North, under General Belgrano, defeats the royalist troops of Brigadier Pío Tristán.
• 1817 – Birth of Ramón de Campoamor, Spanish poet of literary realism (d. 1901).
• 1820 – Death of Pedro Aranaz, Spanish composer and chapel master (b. 1740).
• 1852 – Death of Francisco Javier Castaños, Spanish military officer and politician who distinguished himself during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Invasion of Spain (b. 1758).
• 1865 – Death of Antonio Rosales, Mexican military officer who took part in the Reform War and in the Second French intervention in Mexico, during which he defeated the French at the Battle of San Pedro (b. 1822).
• 1905 – Birth of Severo Ochoa, Spanish biochemist, naturalized American, Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate in 1959 (d. 1993).
• 1928 – In Buenos Aires (Argentina), the country's first colectivos (buses) are created. The first line runs from the Plaza de Mayo to the Floresta neighborhood.
• 1954 – Death of Constancio Vigil, Uruguayan writer (b. 1876).
• 1967 – Death of Francesc Almela i Vives, Spanish writer and historian (b. 1903).
• 2007 – Death of Odón Betanzos, Spanish poet, novelist and literary critic of universal stature (b. 1925).