Template:On this day - May 9

Baldomero Espartero

• 1013 – The Berbers, aided by Sancho García (Count of Castile), seize Medina Azahara in the Caliphate of Córdoba (present-day Spain), sacking and destroying it, and naming Sulaiman al-Mustain Caliph.
• 1044 – Death in Logroño (Kingdom of Pamplona, present-day Spain) of Saint Gregory of Ostia, Abbot of Saints Cosmas and Damian, Patron of Alcoy, Cervera de la Cañada, Arenales de San Gregorio and Baltanás (b. 10th century).
• 1502 – Christopher Columbus makes his fourth and last voyage to the American continent.
• 1540 – The Spanish navigator Hernando de Alarcón sets out on his exploration of the coasts of California.
• 1605 – In Spain, Miguel de Cervantes publishes the first part of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha.
• 1699 – Birth of Gregorio Mayáns, Spanish scholar, jurist, historian, linguist and polygraph, representative of the early Spanish Enlightenment (d. 1781).
• 1740 – Death of Juan Bautista de Anza I, Spanish military officer and explorer (b. 1693).
• 1781 – In Florida (present-day United States), the Battle of Pensacola ends with a decisive Spanish victory over the English.
• 1837 – The Constitution of the Peru–Bolivian Confederation is officially promulgated. That same day, Andrés de Santa Cruz takes office as Supreme Protector of the Confederation.
• 1841 – In Spain the regency of General Baldomero Espartero begins.
• 1877 – In Iquique, then capital of the Province of Iquique of the Republic of Peru (present-day Tarapacá Region, Chile), an 8.8 Mw earthquake occurred, which reached intensity XI on the Mercalli scale and generated a tsunami that destroyed the ports of Arica, Iquique and Cobija.
• 1883 – Birth of José Ortega y Gasset, Spanish philosopher and essayist, main exponent of the theory of perspectivism and of vital and historical reason, placed in the Novecentismo movement (d. 1955).
• 1925 – Death of Baldomero Bonet y Bonet, Spanish chemist (b. 1857).
• 1929 – In Seville (Spain), the Ibero-American Exposition is inaugurated.
• 1944 – In El Salvador, General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, under pressure from a general strike, resigns from power after 13 years of authoritarian rule.
• 1950 – Death of Esteban Terradas, Spanish engineer, scientist and mathematician (b. 1883).
• 1950 – The National Institute of Industry of Spain, together with five banks and with the collaboration of the Fiat Group, creates the car company SEAT.
• 1976 – During the political events that the Carlist Party was holding on the Navarrese mountain of Montejurra, in memory of the requetés killed in the Spanish Civil War, two attendees are murdered and several wounded (Montejurra incidents).
• 2013 – Death of José Manuel Caballero Bonald, Spanish writer and flamencologist (b. 1926).
• 2021 – Death of Miguel Lifschitz, Argentine civil engineer and politician (b. 1955).