Template:On this day - May 19

Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo

• 1381 – John I of Castile announces that his kingdom submits to the obedience of the Pope of Avignon, as a consequence of his close alliance with France.
• 1396 – Death of John I, King of Aragon (b. 1350).
• 1445 – The army of John II of Castile, with the help of his royal favorite Álvaro de Luna, defeats at the Battle of Olmedo (1445) the league of nobles headed by Henry of Trastámara, Infante of Aragon.
• 1486 – By virtue of the peace terms proposed by Boabdil to his uncle Muhammad XIII, El Zagal, the rebellion of the Moriscos of the Albaicín and the civil war in the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada (present-day Spain) come to an end.
• 1520 – King Charles I of Spain signs the Capitulation to settle the coast of Paria (present-day Venezuela), granted to his chaplain Bartolomé de las Casas.
• 1547 – The Capitulation of Wittenberg is signed after the triumph of Charles I (King of Spain and Emperor Charles V of Germany) at the Battle of Mühlberg, in which he defeats the Schmalkaldic League.
• 1618 – In Venice the Conspiracy of Venice is uncovered, of which the Duke of Osuna and Francisco de Quevedo were accused (Quevedo managed to escape being lynched thanks to his knowledge of the Venetian dialect and to disguising himself as a beggar).
• 1643 – The Battle of Rocroi ends in French victory, marking the beginning of the decline of the Spanish Tercios.
• 1708 – In the course of the War of the Spanish Succession the Anglo-Dutch troops occupy the island of Menorca.
• 1822 – The Mexican Congress ratifies Agustín de Iturbide as «constitutional emperor of the First Mexican Empire», under the name of Agustín I.
• 1837 – Argentina declares war on the Peru–Bolivian Confederation.
• 1850 – 150 km east of Havana (Cuba), the Venezuelan general Narciso López lands in the town of Cárdenas with 600 expeditionaries to fight for the independence of Cuba.
• 1887 – Birth of Gregorio Marañón, Spanish physician and essayist (d. 1960).
• 1912 – Death of Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Spanish polygraph, politician, scholar and historian of ideas.
• 1928 – In Ferrol (Spain) the fast cruiser Miguel de Cervantes is launched.
• 1929 – In Barcelona (Spain) the inauguration of the International Exposition takes place.
• 1932 – 26 inmates escape from the El Puerto de Santa María Prison (Spain), led by a mechanic known as Rada.
• 1939 – In Madrid (Spain), Francisco Franco, as leader of the rebel faction during the Spanish Civil War, presides over the «victory parade» once the war is won.
• 1955 – Death of Concha Espina, Spanish writer who also cultivated poetry, theater and the short story (b. 1869).
• 1979 – In Spain Freemasonry is legalized following a ruling of the Audiencia Nacional.
• 2019 – Death of Carlos Altamirano Orrego, Chilean lawyer and politician (b. 1922).
• 2019 – Death of Julio César Trujillo, Ecuadorian politician (b. 1931).