Template:On this day - May 14

Francisco Pizarro

• 756 – In Córdoba (present-day Spain), Abd al-Rahman I defeats Yusuf al-Fihri (emir of Damascus) at the Battle of Alameda, which leads to the Wilayah of al-Andalus giving way to the Emirate of Córdoba.
• 1514 – In Spain the Chief Postmaster of the Indies is created through a Royal Decree issued by Queen Joanna I, by order of her father Ferdinand the Catholic. The office was granted in perpetuity to Lorenzo Galíndez de Carvajal.
• 1541 – In Rome, Pope Paul III issues the Bull that creates the Archdiocese of Lima and raises the small church built by Francisco Pizarro in Lima (Peru) to the rank of Cathedral.
• 1570 – In Rome, Pope Pius V establishes in perpetuity the Bishopric of Tucumán and its Cathedral Church, with its seat in the city of Santiago del Estero (Argentina).
• 1570 – In the Governorate of New Andalusia of the Río de la Plata (present-day Paraguay), Ruy Díaz Melgarejo founds the village of Villarrica.
• 1647 – In the Captaincy General of Chile, at 2:30 UTC, the Great Earthquake of magnitude 8.5 on the Richter scale and a tsunami are recorded, causing between 1,000 and 2,000 deaths.
• 1699 – In New Spain (present-day Mexico) the settlement of San Pedro Caro is founded.
• 1726 – Death of Francisco de Barbadillo y Vitoria, Spanish lawyer and politician, governor of the New Kingdom of León (b. 1670).
• 1769 – From Spain, King Charles III sends Franciscan missionaries to California (present-day United States), who would found San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Francisco and Monterey.
• 1777 – In Madrid, King Charles III creates by Royal Decree the Protomedicato of Caracas, thus beginning medical studies in Venezuela.
• 1782 – In the present-day Carabobo State (Venezuela), Mariano Martí, Bishop of the Province of Venezuela, signs the decree founding the Parish of Our Lady of Begoña and the village of Naguanagua.
• 1807 – Birth of Marcelino Andrés y Andrés, Spanish physician and botanist (d. 1852).
• 1811 – The May Revolution of 1811 begins, by which Paraguay starts its process of independence from Spain.
• 1814 – At Montevideo (present-day Uruguay), the Irish admiral William Brown, in command of a flotilla, begins his attack on a Spanish squadron, in sight of thousands of people.
• 1836 – In Velasco (Texas), the captive General Antonio López de Santa Anna, in order to regain his freedom, signs the Treaty of Velasco, by which the government recognizes the independence of the Republic of Texas.
• 1877 – In Concepción del Uruguay (Entre Ríos) the educational association «La Fraternidad» is founded, which would later give rise to the University of Concepción del Uruguay.
• 1879 – The Argentine Republic hands over the lands of Villa Occidental (in the Province of Chaco) to the Republic of Paraguay, in compliance with the arbitral award of the President of the United States.
• 1911 – In Chilpancingo (Mexico), the revolutionary forces of Julián Blanco and Laureano Astudillo defeat the Porfiristas and take the city (defended by eight hundred line soldiers).
• 1919 – The University of Concepción is founded in Chile.
• 1920 – In Rinconada (Mexico) the Aguaprietistas attack the forces of President Carranza. He lost more than 2,000 soldiers of his escort, 24 wagons with considerable baggage, postage stamps, and gold and silver bars.
• 1977 – In Madrid, Don Juan III of Bourbon renounces his rights to the Spanish Crown in favor of his son Juan Carlos.
• 1983 – Death of Miguel Alemán Valdés, Mexican president from 1946 to 1952 (b. 1903).
• 2000 – In Uruguay municipal elections are held, the first in its history separate from the presidential ones.
• 2004 – Death of Jesús Gil y Gil, businessman, politician, sports executive and mayor of Marbella (Spain) (b. 1933).
• 2017 – Death of Germán Yanke, Spanish journalist and television presenter (b. 1955).