Template:On this day - March 23

Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda

• 1369 – Death of Peter I of Castile, King of Castile between 1350 and 1369 (b. 1334).
• 1508 – In Burgos (Spain), Ferdinand the Catholic signs Capitulations with Juan Díaz de Solís and Vicente Yáñez Pinzón, by which they undertake to try to find a strait between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific.
• 1584 – Beside the San Juan River, on the Strait of Magellan, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa founds the city of Puerto del Hambre.
• 1613 – Death of Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont, Spanish soldier, painter, cosmographer, musician and inventor (b. 1553).
• 1702 – Death of José Oriol, Spanish priest to whom prophetic and miraculous powers were attributed (b. 1650).
• 1748 – In Valencia (Spain), an earthquake kills 10,000 people and destroys the castle of Montesa, seat of the religious and military Order of that name.
• 1766 – In Madrid (Spain), the Esquilache Riots begin, a popular revolt in protest against the policy of the minister of Charles III.
• 1808 – Marshal Murat, brother-in-law of Napoleon, arrives in Madrid at the head of a powerful French army, charged with luring the Spanish royal family to Bayonne, while refusing to recognize Ferdinand VII as King.
• 1814 – Birth of Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Cuban poet, novelist and playwright of Romanticism (d. 1873).
• 1844 – After more than 40 months of exile, the Queen Mother Maria Christina returns to Madrid (Spain) following the overthrow of the Regency of Espartero.
• 1860 – The Battle of Wad-Ras takes place between Spain and the Sultanate of Morocco, ending the African War.
• 1879 – The Battle of Calama takes place between Bolivia and Chile, the first armed clash of the War of the Pacific.
• 1915 – In Spain, the University of Murcia is created by Royal Decree.
• 1927 – The poet Antonio Machado is elected a member of the Royal Spanish Academy, although he never came to occupy the seat "V" that corresponded to him.
• 1935 – A new Constitution of the Philippines is drafted under the mandate of the U.S. government.
• 1945 – In Manila (Philippines), the Japanese army carries out a massacre of Spanish citizens.
• 1971 – Argentina and Venezuela restore diplomatic relations.
• 1980 – With the participation of thousands of young literacy teachers, the National Literacy Crusade begins in Nicaragua.
• 1994 – In Mexico, Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta, presidential candidate of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, is the victim of an attack while campaigning in the city of Tijuana, Baja California. He dies hours later in the General Hospital of the same city.
• 1997 – The Asturian poet Ángel González, elected a member of the Royal Spanish Academy to occupy seat "P", is admitted with the address «Las otras soledades de Antonio Machado».
• 1999 – In Asunción (Paraguay), three men in military uniform shoot dead the Paraguayan vice-president, Luis María Argaña, the main political adversary of President Raúl Cubas.
• 2005 – Spanish scientists describe, for the first time, the structure of the smallpox virus.
• 2006 – Death of Eloy de la Iglesia, Spanish film director and screenwriter (b. 1944).
• 2006 – In Argentina, President Néstor Kirchner restores the military rank of Colonel Juan Jaime Cesio and promotes him to general; the civil-military dictatorship had dishonorably convicted him in 1983 for denouncing the disappearances in Argentina.
• 2014 – Death of Adolfo Suárez, politician and lawyer, first democratically elected President of the Government of Spain after the Franco regime (b. 1932).
• 2018 – In Lima (Peru), Martín Vizcarra takes office as president of the country following the resignation of Pedro Pablo Kuczynski.
• 2020 – Death of Santiago García Pinzón, Colombian actor, director and playwright (b. 1928).