Template:On this day - March 19

José de Anchieta

• 1406 – Death of Ibn Khaldun, Muslim historian, sociologist, philosopher, economist, geographer, demographer and statesman of Andalusi origin.
• 1522 – In New Spain (present-day Mexico), the village of Toluca de Lerdo is founded.
• 1534 – Birth of José de Anchieta, Spanish missionary, linguist, physician, architect, engineer, poet, playwright and grammarian, considered the father of Brazilian literature (d. 1597).
• 1601 – Birth of Alonso Cano, Spanish Baroque painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1667).
• 1738 – Birth of José Gabriel Condorcanqui, better known as Túpac Amaru II, Inca cacique and caudillo of the Viceroyalty of Peru, leader of the indigenous Rebellion of 1780.
• 1783 – In the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (present-day territory of Argentina), Tomás de Rocamora founds the town of San Antonio de Gualeguay Grande (the present-day city of Gualeguay).
• 1734 – Birth of Vicente García de la Huerta, Spanish poet and playwright (d. 1787).
• 1801 – Death of Ambrosio O'Higgins, Royal Governor of Chile and Viceroy of Peru (b. 1720).
• 1808 – The Mutiny of Aranjuez takes place, which will bring about the fall of Manuel Godoy and, later, of King Charles IV.
• 1812 – The Spanish Cortes Generales, meeting in extraordinary session in Cádiz, promulgate the Spanish Constitution of 1812, popularly known as "La Pepa" (the origin of the phrase "¡Viva la Pepa!").
• 1814 – During the Chilean War of Independence, the Combat of Quilo takes place between the troops of Bernardo O'Higgins and Manuel Barañao.
• 1818 – In Chile, the Spanish army defeats the Chilean/Argentine army at the Battle of Cancha Rayada, during the War of Independence.
• 1823 – His Most Serene Highness Agustín I abdicates as emperor of the First Mexican Empire.
• 1844 – At Azua (Dominican Republic), the first battle of independence is fought, in which the Dominican forces defeat the Haitian ones.
• 1885 – Birth of María Collado Romero, Cuban journalist, poet and feminist (d. 1968).
• 1895 – Death of Faustina Sáez de Melgar, Spanish writer (b. 1834).
• 1902 – Death of Manuel Antonio Sanclemente, statesman, educator, jurist and politician, President of Colombia between 1898 and 1900 (b. 1813).
• 1923 – Death of Vicente Climent, Spanish painter (b. 1872).
• 1938 – The President of Mexico, Lázaro Cárdenas del Río, decrees the expropriation of oil in Mexico.
• 1982 – During the Malvinas War, Argentine troops land on the South Georgia islands.
• 1984 – The Uruguayan general Líber Seregni is released after seven years in prison for political reasons.
• 1999 – Death of Jaime Sabines, Mexican poet and politician (b. 1926).
• 2007 – In Spain, wind power sets a new production record, reaching 8375 MW, more power than that produced by the six nuclear power plants in Spain.
• 2015 – Death at the age of 127 of Leandra Becerra Lumbreras, Mexican supercentenarian (b. 1887).