Template:On this day - March 13

Leander of Seville

• 554 – Ramiro of León is martyred, together with twelve other martyr monks, at the Monastery of San Claudio, at the hands of Arian Suebi.
• 600 – Death of Leander of Seville, Spanish bishop, brother of Isidore of Seville (b. c. 534).
• 857 – Roderick of Córdoba, Spanish Mozarabic apostle and one of the Martyrs of Córdoba, has his throat cut (b. ?).
• 1325 – Date of the founding of Mexico-Tenochtitlan, capital and city-state of the Aztec Empire, a date that is disputed since it is not recorded in any source, does not correspond to any calendrical calculation, and is merely a political proposal.
• 1328 – In the Kingdom of Navarre (present-day Spain), Joan II and Philip of Évreux are enthroned as King and Queen.
• 1604 – In Madrid (Spain), a fire destroys part of the Royal Palace of El Pardo, and many works of art of great value are lost.
• 1697 – The city of Nojpetén (Tayasal), capital of the Itzá Maya kingdom, falls to the Spanish conquistadors. It is the final step of the conquest of Guatemala.
• 1741 – In the Viceroyalty of New Granada (present-day Colombia), the Siege of Cartagena de Indias begins, during which Blas de Lezo, with 6 ships, 2,830 men and 990 pieces of artillery, defeats a British fleet under the command of Edward Vernon with 180 vessels, 23,600 combatants and 3,000 guns.
• 1831 – In the Mexican Republic, the Estado de Occidente (formed by Sonora and Sinaloa) splits and the State of Sonora is formed.
• 1900 – The Spanish Cortes pass a law regulating the work of women and children.
• 1902 – In Spain, the Cabinet headed by Práxedes Mateo Sagasta resigns.
• 1902 – In Madrid (Spain), the first automobile is registered, belonging to the Marquess of Bolaños.
• 1904 – On the border between Argentina and Chile, the statue of Christ the Redeemer is inaugurated, putting an end to tense boundary disputes between the two countries.
• 1957 – In Havana (Cuba), a failed attack on the presidential palace is carried out by students of the Revolutionary Directorate with the aim of assassinating Fulgencio Batista. On the same day, in front of the University of Havana, the police shoot down the student leader José Antonio Echeverría, who had led an attack on Radio Reloj.
• 1960 – In Buenos Aires (Argentina), President Arturo Frondizi implements the Conintes plan (Internal Commotion of the State) and prohibits uttering the name of the "fugitive tyrant" (Juan Domingo Perón).
• 1990 – Death of Juan Antonio Vallejo-Nágera, Spanish psychiatrist and writer (b. 1926).
• 2003 – Death of Carmen Gracia Tesán, Spanish coloratura soprano (b. 1914).
• 2010 – In Buenos Aires (Argentina), the benefit concert Argentina abraza a Chile ("Argentina embraces Chile") is held to collect food and supplies to help the victims of the 2010 Chile earthquake.
• 2013 – In Vatican City, the 2013 papal conclave elects the Argentine Jorge Mario Bergoglio as pope, who takes the name Francis.
• 2023 – Death of Mario Trucco, Argentine journalist, announcer and writer (b. 1930).
• 2023 – In Castrocalbón (Spain), construction works mistakenly destroy 1.3 km of the Roman road linking Asturica Augusta with Bracara Augusta, which was signposted and in a good state of preservation.