Template:On this day - March 1

Martial.

• 40 – Birth of Martial, Hispano-Roman poet, born in Calatayud (present-day Spain) (d. 102).
• 293 – The Tetrarchy begins in the Roman Empire with the proclamation of Constantius I and Galerius as Caesars.
• 710 – Roderic, King of the Visigoths, is anointed monarch in Hispania after the death of Wittiza.
• 757 – Birth of Hisham I, second independent Emir of Al-Andalus (in present-day Spain) (d. 796).
• 1105 – Birth of Alfonso VII, King of Galicia (1111-1157), of León (1126-1157) and of Castile (1127-1157) (present-day Spain) (d. 1157).
• 1476 – Ferdinand II defeats at Toro (present-day Spain) the supporters of the royal claim of Joanna la Beltraneja.
• 1493 – The caravel Pinta docks at the port of Bayona (Province of Pontevedra) (Spain) on its return from America, where it brings the first news of the success of Christopher Columbus's expedition.
• 1510 – Death of Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer who distinguished himself in the Conquest of Granada carried out by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492 (b. 1450).
• 1712 – The National Library of Spain opens to the public in Madrid.
• 1756 – By a Royal Order, a regular postal service is established in Cuba with the creation of the Office of Correo Mayor.
• 1802 – In compliance with the Royal Ordinance of 19 July 1798, which authorized the Protomedicato of the Río de la Plata to teach medicine, the School of Medicine opens in Buenos Aires under the direction of Cosme Argerich.
• 1815 – The first stagecoach service in Spain is established, linking Reus and Barcelona in eleven and a half hours.
• 1828 – The Guatemalan army defeats the Salvadoran army at the Battle of Chalchuapa.
• 1870 – In Paraguay, with the assassination of President Francisco Solano López, the War of the Triple Alliance formed by Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay comes to an end.
• 1879 – The first steam tramway in Spain goes into service between Barcelona and San Andrés de Palomar.
• 1879 – Bolivia declares war on Chile, beginning the War of the Pacific, which would end up involving Peru.
• 1893 – The National Institute of Meteorology produces the first Spanish "weather map" and the corresponding daily weather bulletins.
• 1914 – Death of Jorge Newbery, Argentine aviator, sportsman, engineer and scientist (b. 1875).
• 1937 – In Salamanca (Spain), the ambassadors of Italy and Germany present their credentials to Francisco Franco.
• 1940 – In Spain, the Franco dictatorship issues a law for the repression of Freemasonry, communism and other movements "that sow ideas dissolving to religion, the Fatherland and social harmony".
• 1947 – The city of Trinidad (Bolivia) disappears under water when the Mamoré River overflows.
• 1961 – In Guatemala, the Guatemalan Party of Labour denounces that the United States Government is training mercenaries in the town of Retalhuleu to attack Cuba.
• 1992 – At the Universidad Libre de Barranquilla (Colombia), 10 destitute people who survived by collecting rubbish are murdered and their bodies sold to medical students for anatomy practice and organ trafficking, something that had already happened with impunity on countless previous occasions. World Waste Picker Day has been observed ever since.
• 2008 – A diplomatic crisis between Colombia and Ecuador and Venezuela breaks out after the death of Raúl Reyes, a member of the FARC, near Santa Rosa de Sucumbíos, an Ecuadorian village about 1800 meters from the border with Colombia.
• 2020 – Death of Ernesto Cardenal, Nicaraguan poet, priest, theologian, writer, translator, sculptor and revolutionary (b. 1925).