Template:On this day - June 23

Mariano Lagasca

• 1222 – Death of Constance of Aragon and Castile, Spanish aristocrat, wife of King Emeric I of Hungary and later of Emperor Frederick II (b. 1179).
• 1158 – In Spain, Sancho III of Castile and Ferdinand II of León sign the Treaty of Sahagún for peace between the two kingdoms.
• 1287 – The Battle of the Counts takes place between the Crown of Aragon and the Kingdom of Naples with the Papal States.
• 1532 – Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France sign a secret pact against King Charles I of Spain.
• 1537 – Death of Pedro de Mendoza, Spanish conquistador (b. 1487).
• 1563 – The city of Cartago is founded as capital of the Province of New Cartago and Costa Rica.
• 1839 – Death of Mariano Lagasca, Spanish botanist, physician and writer (b. 1776).
• 1869 – In Venezuela, General Venancio Pulgar declares the state of Zulia autonomous and independent; however, the attempt is put down shortly afterwards.
• 1914 – In the city of Zacatecas, General Pancho Villa defeats the federal forces of Victoriano Huerta.
• 1937 – In Mexico, General Lázaro Cárdenas del Río expropriates the railways and creates the company Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México.
• 1941 – The armed forces of Peru and Ecuador clash on the banks of the Zarumilla River, starting the Battle of Zarumilla in the course of the Peruvian-Ecuadorian war.
• 2016 – In Havana, within the peace talks between the FARC and the Colombian Government, the end of the confrontations is agreed, with a bilateral and definitive ceasefire and cessation of hostilities.