Template:On this day - July 7

Saturnino Calleja

• 1486 – In Córdoba (Spain), the Catholic Monarchs issue the Pragmatic Law ordering the observance of the Book of the New Laws of the Holy Brotherhood.
• 1520 – Hernán Cortés and his men defeat the Aztecs at the Battle of Otumba (in New Spain, present-day Mexico).
• 1647 – In Naples a revolt led by Masaniello breaks out against the Spanish Viceroy Rodrigo Ponce de León, which would give rise to the brief Neapolitan Republic.
• 1680 – In Juanacatlán (New Spain, present-day Mexico) construction of the Lateran Basilica is completed.
• 1792 – Birth of Diego de Argumosa, Spanish physician and surgeon (d. 1865).
• 1822 – In Madrid, General Francisco Ballesteros defeats the Royal Guard, which had risen up in order to restore absolutism in Spain.
• 1824 – In Mexico, the Congress of the State of Tamaulipas is created in the Villa de Padilla.
• 1832 – Birth of Fermín Abella y Blave, Spanish jurist and writer (d. 1888).
• 1846 – American troops occupy the Mexican cities of Monterey and San Francisco, which marks the beginning of the American occupation of California.
• 1854 – In Spain the Manifesto of Manzanares is issued, demanding political reforms and Constituent Cortes to make possible a genuine "liberal regeneration".
• 1859 – Off the Villa de Paraná (Entre Ríos Province) (then capital of the Argentine Confederation) the mutiny of the General Pinto takes place, the steam flagship of the Unitarian State of Buenos Aires, at war against the rest of the country, leading to the lifting of the blockade of the town and a change of course in the Argentine Civil War.
• 1892 – In the Philippines, Andrés Bonifacio founds the Katipunan, a secret society aiming to make the archipelago independent from Spanish rule.
• 1915 – Death of Saturnino Calleja, Spanish publisher, educator, writer and translator (b. 1853).
• 1940 – Presidential elections are held in Mexico, during a violent day full of allegations of fraud.
• 1953 – Ernesto Che Guevara begins a journey that will take him through Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador.
• 2008 – Chile and Uruguay sign a Strategic Partnership Agreement to face their development in today's world together.
• 2023 – Death of Graciela Maglie, Argentine sociologist, writer and screenwriter (b. 1944).