Template:On this day - July 30

Alfonso V of León

• 1000 – At Peña Cervera (present-day province of Burgos, Spain), the Muslim leader Almanzor defeats the Christian coalition (Navarrese, Castilians and Leonese) commanded by Sancho García and García Gómez at the Battle of Cervera.
• 1017 – In León (Spain), King Alfonso V promulgates the Fuero of León, the first declaration of the fundamental rights of citizens in the history of Europe.
• 1086 – In Spain, the Almoravid army under the orders of Yusuf ibn Tashfin crosses the Strait of Gibraltar and lands at Algeciras.
• 1369 – In Spain, the Nasrids take the city of Algeciras from the Christians after a short siege of the city.
• 1502 – North of present-day Honduras, Christopher Columbus reaches the island of Guanaja.
• 1523 – Death of Juan de Anchieta, Spanish priest and composer of the Renaissance (b. c. 1462).
• 1645 – Birth of Miguel Núñez de Sanabria, Spanish-Peruvian lawyer and politician (d. 1729).
• 1762 – In Havana (Cuba), British troops occupy the Morro Castle, despite the resistance offered by the Spanish forces.
• 1789 – The Malaspina Expedition, the most important political and scientific voyage of the Spanish Enlightenment, sets out from Cádiz.
• 1808 – Joseph I Bonaparte hastily leaves Madrid on learning of the victory of the Spanish troops over the French at the Battle of Bailén.
• 1811 – Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, New Spanish priest and insurgent soldier, is executed by firing squad in Chihuahua (Kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya, present-day Mexico) (b. 1753).
• 1909 – In Mexico a magnitude 7.5 earthquake (M_W) shakes the southern Mexican coast, leaving two dead and great damage in the port of Acapulco and in Mexico City.
• 1910 – The Spanish Government, headed by José Canalejas, suspends its diplomatic relations with the Holy See.
• 1912 – In Spain the association Explorers of Spain is founded, officially starting Scouting in that country.
• 1917 – In Mexico the Political Constitution of Campeche is promulgated.
• 1922 – Birth of Micaela Josefa Portilla Vitoria, Spanish anthropologist, historian and educator (d. 2005).
• 1975 – In El Salvador, Colonel Carlos Humberto Romero (who two years later will be president of the country) orders a massacre of students of the University of El Salvador.
• 1976 – King Juan Carlos I decrees an amnesty in Spain affecting 500 political prisoners.
• 1976 – Honduras and El Salvador agree to a ceasefire.
• 1982 – The President of Panama, Arístides Royo, submits his resignation to the parliament.
• 2000 – The presidential and legislative elections held in Venezuela give victory to President Hugo Chávez.
• 2011 – Death of Mario Echandi Jiménez, lawyer and politician, 33rd President of Costa Rica (b. 1915).
• 2012 – Death of Héctor Tizón, Argentine writer, journalist, lawyer and diplomat (b. 1929).