Template:On this day - July 26

Álvaro de Bazán

• 711 – At the Battle of Guadalete, Muslim troops invading the Iberian Peninsula defeat Roderic (King of the Visigoths in Hispania).
• 920 – Near Pamplona (present-day Spain) Muslim troops defeat the Navarrese-Leonese Christian alliance at the Battle of Valdejunquera.
• 1139 – Afonso I of Portugal is acclaimed king of Portugal and proclaims independence from the Kingdom of León (present-day Spain).
• 1364 – Peter IV of Aragon orders the execution of Bernardo II de Cabrera for treason.
• 1527 – In the Province of Venezuela, Coro is founded, the oldest city in that country and seat of the first bishopric of South America.
• 1529 – Capitulation between Charles I of Spain and Francisco Pizarro, by which the latter is appointed governor and captain general of New Castile, present-day territory of Peru.
• 1533 – In Cajamarca (Governorate of New Castile, present-day Peru), the Inca Atahualpa is executed on charges of ordering the torture and murder of his brother Huáscar, and of conspiring to kill thousands of Incas and Spaniards.
• 1581 – The rebel provinces of the Netherlands sign the Act of Abjuration, formally declaring their independence.
• 1582 – In the Atlantic Ocean, a Spanish squadron led by Álvaro de Bazán defeats a combined French, English and Venetian one at the Battle of Terceira Island.
• 1702 – At Santa Vittoria d'Alba, Philip V of Spain and the Duke of Vendôme defeat the Austrian troops allied with the Holy Roman Empire.
• 1822 – In the port of Guayaquil (Ecuador) the insurgent generals José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar meet.
• 1844 – In Spain the conservative Government of Ramón María Narváez suspends the confiscation measures and the sale of nationalized church property.
• 1847 – In the atrium of the Church of Santa Ana, in Valladolid (Mexico), the Mexican Government has the Maya pro-independence leader Manuel Ay hanged, which will unleash the Maya War of Independence, lasting until 1901.
• 1875 – Birth of Antonio Machado, Spanish poet of the Generation of '98 (d. 1939).
• 1899 – Lilís Heureaux, soldier and three-time president, is assassinated (b. 1845).
• 1921 – In the Rif War (present-day Morocco), the last Spanish defenders of the position of Sidi Dris die.
• 1924 – A decree is approved granting the operation of the telephone throughout Spain to the National Telephone Company.
• 1942 – Death of Roberto Arlt, Argentine novelist, short-story writer, playwright, journalist and inventor (b. 1900).
• 1967 – Ecuador breaks off diplomatic relations with Haiti, because of the serious human rights violations committed by the dictatorship of François Duvalier.
• 1999 – The Mexican writer Sergio Pitol wins the Juan Rulfo Prize for Latin American and Caribbean Literature.
• 2004 – The Spanish writer Juan Goytisolo wins the Juan Rulfo Prize for Latin American and Caribbean Literature.
• 2012 – The Argentine writer Samanta Schweblin wins the last edition of the Juan Rulfo Prize for Latin American and Caribbean Literature.
• 2022 – Death of Darío Gómez, singer-songwriter and composer of Colombian popular music, known as El Rey del Despecho (b. 1951).