Template:On this day - July 18

María de Maeztu

• 1507 – In Brussels (Habsburg Netherlands), Prince Charles is crowned Duke of Burgundy, one year after inheriting the title.
• 1600 – In New Granada (present-day Colombia), the Oidor Luis Henríquez founds the city of Zipaquirá.
• 1830 – Uruguay swears its first Constitution.
• 1837 – At the inn of Alcazarén, near Olmedo (Province of Valladolid, Spain), the famous bandit Luis Candelas is arrested.
• 1858 – Death of Francisco Antonio Pinto, lawyer, soldier and President of Chile between 1827 and 1829 (b. 1785).
• 1872 – Death of Benito Juárez, Mexican jurist and politician of indigenous origin, who served as president of Mexico on several occasions (b. 1806).
• 1873 – In Spain, Nicolás Salmerón becomes president of the First Spanish Republic after the resignation of Francisco Pi y Margall, who held the office for only five weeks.
• 1881 – Birth of María de Maeztu, Spanish schoolteacher, professor, educator, Hispanist, philologist, lecturer and feminist (d. 1948).
• 1893 – Birth of Sadí de Buen Lozano, Spanish physician and scientist (d. 1936).
• 1921 – In Burgos (Spain), on the occasion of the seventh centenary of the Cathedral, the remains of El Cid and his wife Doña Jimena, as well as the relics of Ferdinand III of Castile, are moved to the church.
• 1927 – In Spain, King Alfonso XIII decrees the creation of airfields in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, Alicante, Málaga and Burgos.
• 1936 – The coup d'état against the Government of the Second Spanish Republic continues in peninsular Spain.
• 1936 – The aviation of the Republican government carries out a bombing raid on Tetuán, capital of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco, which had fallen to the rebel side, causing civilian casualties.
• 1938 – In the City Hall of Barcelona, the Republican president Manuel Azaña delivers the speech Paz, piedad y perdón (Peace, Pity and Pardon), on the second anniversary of the start of the Spanish Civil War.
• 1957 – In the Cuelgamuros Valley (Sierra of Madrid) the Monument to the Fallen in the Spanish Civil War is inaugurated.
• 1962 – In Lima (Peru), Manuel Prado Ugarteche is ousted from the presidency by a coup d'état, and Ricardo Pérez Godoy assumes the presidency.
• 1967 – In the Sartenejas Valley (Venezuela) the University of Caracas is founded.
• 1979 – After the popular revolution, the Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza resigns the presidency of the country.
• 1993 – Talks in El Aaiún between the Polisario Front and the government of Morocco to hold the self-determination referendum demanded by the UN fail.
• 2020 – Death of Lucio Urtubia, Spanish bricklayer and anarchist militant, known for practicing expropriative anarchism through forgeries and bank robberies (b. 1931).
• 2020 – Death of Juan Marsé, Spanish novelist of the so-called Generation of '50 (b. 1933).