Template:On this day - January 9

Francisco Pizarro

• 638 – In Visigothic Hispania, the Sixth Council of Toledo begins.
• 681 – In Visigothic Hispania, the Twelfth Council of Toledo begins.
• 1282 – Death of Abu Uthman Said ibn Hakam al-Qurashi, Muslim governor of Menorca (present-day Spain) (b. 1204).
• 1316 – Philip V becomes King of France and Navarre after the death of his nephew John I.
• 1418 – Birth of Juan Ramón Folch III de Cardona, Aragonese admiral (d. 1485).
• 1493 – Birth of John of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Viceroy of Valencia from 1523 to 1525 (d. 1525).
• 1539 – In the Viceroyalty of Peru, Francisco Pizarro founds the village of San Juan de la Frontera de Huamanga (present-day Ayacucho).
• 1812 – Valencia capitulates to the forces of the Frenchman Suchet after four days of bombardment.
• 1867 – Death of Anastasio Parrodi, Mexican military officer of Cuban origin (b. 1805).
• 1871 – The National Institute of Statistics is created in Venezuela.
• 1872 – Brazil and Paraguay make peace after the War of the Triple Alliance.
• 1875 – In Spain, King Alfonso XII arrives in Barcelona from Marseille aboard the frigate Navas de Tolosa and is acclaimed by the people.
• 1923 – In Madrid (Spain), Juan de la Cierva makes the first flight in an autogyro.
• 1928 – In Nicaragua, Sandino proclaims the republic of Nueva Segovia, whose capital he would call Ciudad Sandino.
• 1934 – In the Chaco War, hostilities resume when Paraguay refuses to maintain the armistice.
• 1954 – Death of Herminia Brumana, Argentine teacher, educator, writer, journalist, playwright and activist (b. 1897).
• 1959 – Birth of Rigoberta Menchú, Guatemalan politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 1992.
• 1962 – In Havana, a protocol is signed between the Soviet Union and Cuba for trade worth 60 million dollars during the year.
• 1964 – In the Canal Zone, Panamanian students demonstrate for compliance with a treaty that obliges the United States to raise the Panamanian flag. They are machine-gunned by American soldiers, leaving 22 dead and hundreds wounded (Martyrs' Day of Panama).
• 1984 – In Panama, the representatives of Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua sign a draft peace plan for Central America, with the mediation of the countries of the Contadora Group.
• 2000 – Ecuador changes its currency from the Ecuadorian sucre to the US dollar.
• 2014 – Death of Josep Maria Castellet, Spanish writer, literary critic and editor (b. 1926).