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Template:On this day - January 8
From Hispanopedia
- 1537 – In the Viceroyalty of Peru, the Diocese of Cuzco is created, the first in South America.
- 1601 – Birth of Baltasar Gracián, Spanish writer (d. 1658).
- 1766 – In the Falkland Islands, a British flotilla occupies Puerto de la Cruzada, which was held by Spain at the time.
- 1824 – In Spain, Ferdinand VII approves a Royal Decree creating the General Police of the Kingdom, forerunner of the National Police of Spain.
- 1885 – The bases are laid for future diplomatic and commercial relations and other matters, which would lead to the signing of a treaty of peace and friendship between Spain and the Republic of Ecuador.
- 1879 – Death of Baldomero Espartero, Spanish liberal military officer and politician (b. 1793).
- 1909 – The Cuban politician José Miguel Gómez, leader of his country's Liberal Party, is elected President of the Republic.
- 1929 – In Nicaragua, the American invasion ends and the occupation forces are repatriated.
- 1933 – In Spain, anarchists and communists lead bloody riots in Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Lérida, during the second of the insurrections carried out by the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) under the Second Republic.
- 1949 – At the headquarters of the UN (in New York), most South American countries call for the repeal of the condemnation of the Francoist dictatorship.
- 1949 – In Chile, president Gabriel González Videla enacts Law no. 9292, which grants women the political vote.
- 1956 – In Ecuador, Huaorani Indians kill five evangelical missionaries (Operation Auca) hours after first making contact with them.
- 1959 – Fidel Castro enters Havana with his troops, overthrowing the government of Fulgencio Batista and consolidating the triumph of the Cuban Revolution.
- 1979 – In Montevideo (Uruguay), Argentina and Chile sign, before the papal envoy Cardinal Antonio Samoré, an agreement requesting the mediation of the Vatican.
- 1986 – The Academy of Cinematographic Arts and Sciences of Spain is founded.
- 1996 – Death of Carmen Conde, Spanish poet, prose writer, playwright, essayist and teacher, the first woman to hold a full seat in the Royal Spanish Academy (b. 1907).
- 2016 – The drug trafficker Chapo Guzmán is recaptured in the Mexican city of Los Mochis, Sinaloa, after his escape from prison in the summer of 2015.
