Template:On this day - January 5

Ramón María del Valle-Inclán

• 951 – In the Kingdom of León (present-day Spain), Ramiro II of León abdicates in a public ceremony at the Church of San Salvador de Palat del Rey.
• 1543 – Bartolomé de las Casas, who will become known as a defender of the natives of New Spain, lands at the port of San Francisco de Campeche (present-day Mexico).
• 1548 – Birth of Francisco Suárez, Spanish Jesuit theologian, philosopher and jurist (d. 1617).
• 1589 – Birth of Esteban Manuel de Villegas, Spanish poet and writer (d. 1669).
• 1713 – Birth of Jorge Juan, Spanish humanist, naval engineer and scientist (d. 1773).
• 1744 – Birth of Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos, Spanish Enlightenment writer, jurist and politician (d. 1811).
• 1822 – The provinces of Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua spontaneously join Mexico.
• 1864 – The ships Morona and Pastaza and the brigantines Arica and Próspero arrive at San Pablo de Nuevo Napeanos (now the city of Iquitos, Peru) to begin the colonization of the Peruvian Amazon.
• 1903 – Death of Práxedes Mateo Sagasta, Spanish civil engineer and politician, who served as President of the Council of Ministers in seven terms between 1870 and 1902 (b. 1825).
• 1916 – Death of Ulpiano Checa, Spanish painter, sculptor, poster artist and illustrator (b. 1860).
• 1936 – Death of Ramón María del Valle-Inclán, Spanish playwright, poet and novelist, one of the key authors of the Generation of '98 and of 20th-century Spanish literature.
• 1938 – Birth of Juan Carlos I, Spanish king.
• 1956 – Death of Genoveva Torres Morales, Spanish nun, canonized by the Catholic Church (b. 1870).
• 1977 – In Spain, the Court of Public Order is abolished and the Audiencia Nacional is created.
• 2011 – Death of Gabriel Cardona, Spanish military officer, writer and historian (b. 1938).
• 2016 – In Caracas, the opposition takes over the National Assembly of Venezuela.