Template:On this day - January 25

José de Anchieta

• 1232 – An army made up of forces of the Military Orders and of the Bishop of Plasencia reconquers the city of Trujillo from the Almohad Empire.
• 1516 – On the death of Ferdinand the Catholic, his daughter Joanna of Castile inherits the Crown of Aragon.
• 1573 – Death of Diego Huallpa, discoverer of what would become the most important silver mine on the American continent, in Potosí (present-day Bolivia) (b. 1503).
• 1553 – In New Spain, the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico is inaugurated.
• 1554 – Twelve Jesuits, among them José de Anchieta, found the city of São Paulo in present-day Brazil.
• 1569 – From Madrid (Spain), King Philip II establishes the Tribunal of the Inquisition in the American viceroyalties.
• 1704 – English colonists of the Province of Carolina begin a series of raids against the mostly peaceful Apalachee Indian population in the north of Spanish Florida.
• 1725 – Birth of Pablo de Olavide, Spanish writer and politician (d. 1803).
• 1747 – Death of Juan Antonio Vizarrón y Eguiarreta, Spanish cleric and politician, Viceroy of New Spain (b. 1682).
• 1822 – The Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Entre Ríos and Santa Fe sign the Quadrilateral Treaty.
• 1829 – Birth of Carlos de Haes, Spanish painter of Belgian origin (d. 1898).
• 1859 – In San Salvador, the legislative decree proclaiming El Salvador a sovereign and independent republic is issued.
• 1860 – In Guayaquil (Ecuador), the Treaty of Mapasingue, a boundary treaty between Ecuador and Peru, is signed.
• 1909 – Death of Manuel Domingo y Sol, Spanish priest, founder of the Brotherhood of Diocesan Worker Priests and of the Pontifical Spanish College of Saint Joseph in Rome (b. 1836).
• 1955 – Spain is invited to send an observer to the UN.
• 1961 – In El Salvador, the Government Junta that had carried out a coup d'état against the constitutional president José María Lemus is overthrown by a coup d'état and replaced by a Civic-Military Directory.
• 1983 – The National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics is created in Mexico by Presidential Decree.
• 1991 – Death of Federico Sopeña, art historian, musicologist, philosopher, museographer, Catholic priest and director of the Prado Museum from 1981 to 1983 (b. 1917).
• 2012 – In Mexico, the Congregation for Catholic Education recognizes the Pontifical University of Mexico as the same institution as the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico.
• 2012 – Death of Julio Cicero, Mexican Jesuit and biologist, promoter of scientific research and popularization in the Dominican Republic (b. 1921).
• 2013 – Death of Jaime Salom, Spanish playwright and physician (b. 1925).
• 2018 – Death of Claribel Alegría, Nicaraguan writer, poet, narrator, essayist and translator (b. 1924).