Template:On this day - January 22

Evo Morales

• 1188 – In the Kingdom of León, Alfonso IX is proclaimed king after the death of his father Ferdinand II.
• 1211 – King Peter II of Aragon accepts the vassalage of the knight Simon IV de Montfort over various territories of Occitania (present-day France).
• 1801 – In Santo Domingo, the Spanish forces capitulate to those of the Haitian Toussaint-Louverture.
• 1809 – The Supreme Central Junta declares in Seville that legally the territories of America were not colonies like those of other countries, but kingdoms that were to be represented on an equal footing with the peninsular territories.
• 1810 – Jerónimo Merino, whose guerrilla band operated against the communications between Burgos and Valladolid, surprises a French division near the town of Dueñas, with more than 1,500 men falling into the ambush.
• 1820 – In Uruguay, José Gervasio Artigas is defeated at the Battle of Tacuarembó, which meant the end of resistance against the Luso-Brazilian invasion, after a three-and-a-half-year war in which more than 500 engagements were fought.
• 1826 – In Chile, the annexation of the Chiloé Archipelago, the last territory of the Spanish Crown in South America, becomes official.
• 1826 – In El Callao (Peru), the Real Felipe Fortress, the last stronghold of Spanish resistance in South America, surrenders.
• 1903 – The United States and Colombia sign the Herrán-Hay Treaty for the construction of the Panama Canal.
• 1921 – In Spain, the General Regulation of the Compulsory Workers' Retirement Scheme, mandatory for all workers, is approved by Royal Decree.
• 1926 – The Spanish seaplane Plus Ultra begins the first flight across the South Atlantic, from the Port of Palos in Huelva (Spain) to Buenos Aires (Argentina).
• 1929 – The Dominican Republic and Haiti sign a treaty establishing the border between the two countries.
• 1931 – In Spain, telephone service between the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary Islands begins to operate.
• 1962 – In Punta del Este (Uruguay), the conference of the OAS agrees to expel Cuba from the organization, owing to strong pressure from the United States.
• 1967 – In Managua (Nicaragua), the Massacre of 22 January takes place when soldiers of the National Guard (GN) machine-gun a demonstration, causing between 1,000 and 1,500 deaths.
• 1985 – Death of María Moliner, Spanish librarian, archivist, philologist and lexicographer, author of the Diccionario de uso del español (b. 1900).
• 1994 – In Spain, about a hundred Academicians of the Spanish Language from 20 of the 22 institutions existing in the world urge their respective governments, in Huelva (Spain), to defend the Spanish language and culture.
• 2015 – In Bolivia, Evo Morales assumes the presidency of the country for the third consecutive time.
• 2020 – Death of Armando Uribe, Chilean poet, essayist, diplomat and lawyer of the literary generation of 1950 (b. 1933).