Template:On this day - January 20

Charles III

• 648 – The Visigothic King Chindasuinth establishes hereditary monarchy in Hispania by associating his son Recceswinth with the throne.
• 1358 – Birth of Eleanor of Aragon, Queen Consort of Castile (d. 1382).
• 1479 – Death of John II, the Great, King of Aragon and Navarre (b. 1397).
• 1503 – The Catholic Monarchs approve the first ordinances of the House of Trade of the Indies, which regulated trade and navigation with the Spanish dominions.
• 1532 – In the region of Zacatecas (New Spain), Fernando and Francisco de Saín found the town of San Sebastián, now known as Saín Alto (Mexico).
• 1574 – In Peru, the city of Huaraz is founded.
• 1576 – In New Spain, the town of León is founded as a garrison for the Spaniards and their native allies, who were at war with groups of Chichimecas.
• 1716 – Birth of Charles III, Hispanic monarch known as "the Best Mayor of Madrid", who will begin a series of Enlightenment reforms (d. 1788).
• 1722 – The Prince of Asturias, Louis, marries Louise Élisabeth of Orléans to strengthen the alliance between France and Spain.
• 1775 – Death of Domingo de Bonechea, Spanish navigator and explorer (b. 1730).
• 1783 – Great Britain, the United States, France and Spain sign the preliminaries of the final agreement, called the Treaty of Versailles, by which the independence of the British American colonies, forerunners of the United States of America, is recognized.
• 1809 – Birth of Sebastián Iradier, Spanish composer (d. 1865).
• 1980 – In Sincelejo (Colombia), during a traditional corraleja, the stands collapse, killing more than 400 people and injuring more than 2,000.
• 2006 – In Colombia, the Western Tunnel, the longest tunnel in Latin America, is opened.
• 2011 – Death of Luis Jaime Cisneros Vizquerra, Peruvian linguist and professor (b. 1921).
• 2022 – René Robert, Swiss photographer specializing in portraits of flamenco artists, freezes to death in the streets of Paris (b. 1936).