Template:On this day - January 12

Antonio de Ulloa

• 1072 – In the Kingdom of León (present-day Spain), Sancho II is crowned King after the Battle of Golpejera.
• 1180 – In the Kingdom of Castile (present-day Spain), Alfonso VIII grants the Fuero of Villasila and Villamelendro.
• 1716 – Birth of Antonio de Ulloa, Spanish naturalist, military officer and writer (d. 1795).
• 1777 – The Mission Santa Clara de Asís is founded on the site of the present-day city of Santa Clara (California).
• 1788 – Death of Francisco Noroña, Spanish cleric, physician and botanist (b. 1748).
• 1809 – Birth of Leopoldo O'Donnell, Spanish military officer and politician (d. 1867).
• 1809 – Death of Antonio Sangenís Torres, Spanish military engineer (b. 1767).
• 1812 – In the Department of Potosí (in the southwest of Upper Peru, present-day Bolivia), the Spanish royalist army defeats the Army of the North of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata at the Battle of the Quebrada del Nazareno.
• 1866 – Chile and Peru ratify a treaty of offensive and defensive alliance to repel the Spanish Navy, which intended to blockade the Chilean ports.
• 1874 – In Cartagena (Spain), the cantonalist insurrection that formed the Canton of Cartagena comes to an end, after resisting the blockade by sea and land of the government forces.
• 1881 – During the War of the Pacific, Bolivia, Chile and Peru clash at the Battle of San Juan and Chorrillos.
• 1924 – In Spain, Miguel Primo de Rivera dissolves the provincial councils, except those of Navarre and the Basque Country.
• 1936 – The Cuban aviator Menéndez Peláez takes off from the airport of Camagüey (Cuba) to make the transatlantic flight Havana – Madrid in four stages.
• 1937 – Melilla becomes a base for German submarines.
• 1959 – In Maro (southern Spain), five young men rediscover the Cave of Nerja. Inside it were found paintings of seals made by Neanderthals between 41 500 and 40 300 BC (which makes them the first known work of art in History).
• 1963 – Death of Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Spanish avant-garde writer and journalist, usually assigned to the Generation of 1914 (b. 1888).
• 1970 – Major floods occur in Spain as a result of the overflowing of the Ebro, Tagus, Duero, Guadiana and Guadalquivir rivers.
• 1988 – Spain sets up its first base in Antarctica.
• 1998 – In Chile, the Chilean Air Force successfully carries out operation "Manu Tama'I", in which fighter planes fly direct from mainland Chile to Easter Island, refueling in the air.
• 2017 – The most viewed video in YouTube's entire history, Despacito, by the Puerto Rican Luis Fonsi, is uploaded.
• 2010 – Death of Fina de Calderón, Spanish writer, poet and composer (b. 1927).
• 2021 – A historic cold wave strikes Spain, with temperatures below minus 25 degrees in parts of Teruel and Guadalajara.
• 2021 – Death of Enrique Pineda Barnet, Cuban film director, screenwriter, journalist and actor (b. 1933).
• 2022 – Death of Luis Castañeda Lossio, Peruvian politician and lawyer, twice Mayor of Lima (b. 1945).