Template:On this day - February 23

Antonio Tejero

• 1475 – In Valencia, the book Comprehensorium appears, the second work printed in Spain.
• 1775 – The Barber of Seville, by Pierre-Augustin de Beaumarchais, premieres in Paris.
• 1795 – Death of Carlos José Gutiérrez de los Ríos, Spanish politician, musician and man of letters (b. 1742).
• 1813 – In the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, the use of the cockade, officially created on the 18th of that same month at the request of Manuel Belgrano, begins to spread.
• 1820 – In Argentina, Francisco Ramírez, Estanislao López and Manuel de Sarratea sign the Treaty of Pilar.
• 1822 – In the city of Santiago de Chile, the leader of the royalist guerrillas, Vicente Benavides, is executed.
• 1836 – In San Antonio (Texas), the Battle of the Alamo begins.
• 1847 – During the Mexican–American War, at the Battle of Buena Vista, the American troops under the future president General Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexican general Antonio López de Santa Anna.
• 1900 – Death of Rafaela Ybarra de Vilallonga, wife of the president of Altos Hornos de Bilbao (Spain), who founded the Congregation of the Holy Guardian Angels (b. 1843).
• 1903 – In Cuba, the United States gains control of Guantánamo Bay "in perpetuity".
• 1904 – In Panama, the United States gains control of the Panama Canal for 10 million dollars.
• 1958 – In Cuba, the rebels led by Fidel Castro kidnap the Argentine racing driver Juan Manuel Fangio, five-time world champion, though they will release him 28 hours later.
• 1958 – In Argentina, the politician Arturo Frondizi is elected president. He won the elections thanks to the support of Peronism, which was banned by the Aramburu dictatorship (self-styled Revolución Libertadora).
• 1981 – In Spain, Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero makes a failed coup d'état attempt (known as 23-F).
• 1983 – Death of Carlos Manuel Rama, Uruguayan historian, sociologist, lawyer, journalist and professor (b. 1922).
• 1993 – The countries of the OAS sign the Declaration of Cartagena de Indias, which calls for educating peoples for democracy.
• 1999 – The Mexican guitarist Carlos Santana wins eight Grammy Awards, equaling the record held by Michael Jackson, achieved in 1983.
• 2002 – Íngrid Betancourt is kidnapped during a rally by the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), who will hold her captive for 2323 days.
• 2009 – Penélope Cruz becomes the first Spanish actress to win an Oscar.
• 2010 – In Mexico, the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) is created, made up of the 33 sovereign countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.