Template:On this day - December 1

Margaret of Austria

• 1530 – Death of Margaret of Austria, Archduchess of Austria, Princess consort of Asturias and of Girona, Duchess consort of Savoy and Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. 1480).
• 1640 – The uprising for the Independence of Portugal begins, putting an end to the dual monarchy of the House of Austria and leading to armed clashes.
• 1764 – In Madrid, Spain, Charles III inaugurates the Royal Palace of Madrid.
• 1812 – In the State of Quito (present-day Ecuador), the Battle of Ibarra is fought, in which the Spanish army regains control of the territory, ending the Quito independence that had lasted almost a year.
• 1821 – In Costa Rica, the Pact of Concord is signed, considered the country's first provisional Constitution.
• 1846 – In Manila (Philippines), the daily La Esperanza is founded, the second published in that country after Del Superior Gobierno, published in 1811.
• 1874 – In Spain, the future King Alfonso XII signs the Sandhurst Manifesto, drafted by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.
• 1879 – In Cuba, the Spanish Captain General Ramón Blanco y Erenas puts an end to the Guerra Chiquita.
• 1913 – The Buenos Aires Underground opens in Argentina, the first underground railway system in Latin America.
• 1948 – Costa Rica becomes the first country in America to abolish its Armed Forces.
• 1999 – The historic center of Cuenca (Ecuador) is declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
• 2000 – In Mexico, Vicente Fox takes office as president. The PRI loses power after more than 70 years.
• 2001 – In Argentina, the Minister of Economy Domingo Cavallo announces the Corralito.
• 2012 – In Mexico, Enrique Peña Nieto takes office as president amid nationwide discontent and protest. With this succession the PRI returns to power after 12 years of absence.
• 2018 – In Mexico, Andrés Manuel López Obrador takes office as president. The PRI once again loses the presidency, for the third time in its history.
• 2020 – In Arecibo, Puerto Rico, the Arecibo radio telescope finally collapses after several hurricanes and storms.