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Ordoño I of Asturias
| Ordoño I of Asturias | |
|---|---|
| King of Asturias | |
 Ordoño I of Asturias. (Tumbo A of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela). | |
| Reign | 850 – 866 |
| Predecessor | Ramiro I |
| Successor | Alfonso III the Great |
| Born | 821 Oviedo |
| Died | May 27, 866 (aged 44 or 45) Oviedo |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Nuña |
| Issue | See Issue |
| House | Astur-Leonese dynasty |
| Father | Ramiro I |
| Mother | Urraca |
Ordoño I of Asturias (Oviedo, 821 – ibidem, May 27, 866), King of Asturias between 850 and 866, was the son of King Ramiro I and the father of Alfonso III of Asturias.
Biography
He spent the first years of his life in Oviedo, at the court of Alfonso II, and was probably associated with the throne in his youth. At the age of nine he moved to Galicia with his family, a region of which his father had been appointed governor. He completed his education in the city of Lugo, where he resided, and there he also began his military training.
He was appointed provisional governor of Galicia while his father, King Ramiro I, went to the Bardulias to marry Paterna, who would be his second wife. During that journey, Ordoño's life changed radically, since Alfonso II died while it was under way. Everything seemed to indicate that Ramiro would be proclaimed King immediately, but Nepotian of Asturias, a nobleman who enjoyed wide support, had himself proclaimed King of Asturias, something that was possible owing to the absence of Ramiro I.
Ordoño then collaborated in the task of organizing the army that his father intended to use against Nepotian, although he did not fight, since he remained in Galicia as governor, still provisionally. After Ramiro's accession to the throne, he was confirmed in that post.
He succeeded his father Ramiro I, who died on January 1, 850. In this way he became the first King of Asturias to accede to the throne by inheritance rather than by election of the nobility. Shortly afterward he had to confront an uprising of the Vascones, probably supported by the Banu Qasi of Zaragoza. After putting down the rebellion, and while returning to Oviedo, he received news that the Muslims intended to attack the Bardulias. In response, he went out to meet them and defeated them on the banks of the Ebro.
These two victories did little to improve his peace of mind, since, after this, the governor of Zaragoza, Musa ibn Musa, decided to fortify the City of Albaida (present-day Albelda de Iregua). In view of the danger this posed to his interests, and allied with García Íñiguez of Pamplona, he besieged and later razed the city in the Battle of Albelda in 859.[1] As for his relations with Al-Andalus, he supported the Mozarabs of Toledo, who had risen up against the authority of the Emir of Córdoba, an action that cost him defeat at the Battle of Guadalacete in 854.[2] This failure forced him to consolidate his position in the area between the Duero and the Cantabrian Mountains, repopulating and walling the cities of León, Astorga, Amaya and Tuy, turning them into the defense of the kingdom.
He attempted to advance the reconquest at the expense of the Arab lord of Tudela, managing to control the approaches to Navarre and to the lands of the Vascones. The Muslim ruler of Córdoba reacted by sending a strong expedition to the valley of Miranda and Álava, which was laid waste, where the first Castilian count, Rodrigo, was completely defeated at the Battle of La Morcuera.[3]
Marriage and issue
From his marriage to Nuña, whose family origins are unknown, at least six children were born:
- Alfonso III of Asturias (c. 848–910). He inherited the throne of Asturias on the death of his father and married Jimena, with whom he had issue. He was buried in the Pantheon of Kings of the Cathedral of Oviedo.
- Bermudo Ordóñez. When his brother Alfonso III ascended the throne, he rebelled against him. He was the only one of the King's brothers who escaped being blinded. According to Sampiro, Bermudo went into exile in Coimbra, where he died shortly before December 928. On that date, Oneca—who may have been the daughter of Leodegundia, a probable daughter of King Ordoño I and therefore a sister of this Bermudo, and wife of Count Diego Fernández—appears making a donation to the Monastery of Lorvão for the soul of Veremudo dive memorie, who has frequently been confused with King Bermudo II of León, but who in reality refers to this infante who lived in the County of Portucale.[4]
- Nuño Ordóñez, Fruela Ordóñez and Odoario Ordóñez, who rebelled together with their brother Bermudo against Alfonso III, who ordered them blinded.
He may also have been the father of:
- Leodegundia Ordóñez, who married an infante or nobleman of Pamplona, since in a charter King Ramiro II of León refers to one of the daughters of Oneca and Count Diego Fernández, named Leodegundia, as his aunt.[5][6]
Death and burial
Ordoño I, suffering from gout, died in the city of Oviedo on May 27, 866. The Primera Crónica General describes the death of Ordoño I as follows:[7]
Andados X annos desse rey don Ordonno -et fue esto en la era de DCCC et LXX et un annos- enfermo el rey de los pies, de una enfermedad a que dizen en la fisica podagra...Et desta enfermedad podagra enfermo el rey Ordonno, et murio ende en Oviedo, et enterraronle y muy onrradamientre como a rey en la eglesia de Santa Maria. La su alma reyne con Dios, ca muy buen rey fue.
He was buried in the pantheon of kings of the Chapel of Our Lady of the Chaste King in the Cathedral of Oviedo, where his wife, Queen Nuña, was also buried.[8] On the stone sepulcher in which his mortal remains were placed, which stood next to that of Alfonso II the Chaste, the following epitaph was carved:[9]
ORDONIUS ILLE PRINCEPS, QUEM FAMA LOQUETUR, CUIQUE REOR SIMILEM SECULA NULLA FERENT. INGENS CONSILIIS ET DEXTERAE BELLIGER ACTIS. OMNIPOTENSQUE TUIS NON REDDAT DEBITA CULPIS. OBIIT SEXTO KAL. JUNII. ERA DCCCCIIII.
See also
References
- ↑ Martínez Díez 2005, pp. 142–143.
- ↑ Martínez Díez 2005, p. 139.
- ↑ Martínez Díez 2005, pp. 139–140.
- ↑ Sáez 1947, pp. 58 and 105–107.
- ↑ Cardozo 1963, p. 383.
- ↑ Sáez 1947, pp. 105–107.
- ↑ Arco y Garay 1954, p. 138.
- ↑ Diccionario histórico, genealógico y heráldico de las familias ilustres de la monarquía española. Luis Vilar y Pascual. p. 181. (in Spanish)
- ↑ Arco y Garay 1954, pp. 137–138.
Bibliography
- Arco y Garay, Ricardo (1954). Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ed.). Sepulcros de la Casa Real de Castilla (in español) (1st ed.). Madrid. OCLC 11366237.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Cardozo, Mario (1963). "Sería Mumadona tia de Ramiro II, Rei de Leão?" (PDF). Revista de Guimarães (in português). Vol. 72 (2–3). Sociedade Martins Srmento: 376–391. OCLC 3256994. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 23, 2015. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
{{cite journal}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - Carriedo Tejedo, Manuel (1980). "Sobre un posible parentesco de la madre de Fernán González con la familia real leonesa" (PDF). Tierras de León: Revista de la Diputación Provincial (in español). Vol. 20 (41). León: 43–40. ISSN 0495-5773.
{{cite journal}}:|volume=has extra text (help) - Martínez Díez, Gonzalo (2005). El Condado de Castilla (711-1038). La historia frente a la leyenda (in español). Valladolid: Junta de Castilla y León. ISBN 84-9718-275-8.
- Sáez, Emilio (1947). "Los ascendientes de San Rosendo, notas para el estudio de la monarquía astur-leonesa durante los siglos IX y X". Hispania (in español) (XXX). CSIC, Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. OCLC 2594708.
External links
- Genealogy of Ordoño I of Asturias (in English)
